Genera of Pezizales

Type species: Acervus aurantiacus Kanouse 1938

Type designated by Kanouse (1938)

Diagnosis: Apotheciis caespitosis, sessilibus, vel substipitatis in sclerotiformibus radicibus, coriaceis, fixis centralibus vel subcentricis, coloratis; hypotheciis parenchymaticis; excipulis prosenchymaticis; sporis ellipsoideis, non-septatis, hyalinis; paraphysibus crassis, irregulariter auctis, coloratis. Species typica Acervus aurantiacus.

Family: Otideaceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF [6 integrated herein]

Type species: Acetabula vulgaris Fuckel 1870

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Cupulae sparsae, magnae, in stipitem crassum, sulcatum retrorsum attenuatae, carnosae, campanulatae, extus venosae laevesve. Asci longissimi, cylindracei, 8spori. Sporidia in asci superiori parte oblique monosticha, ovata vel oblongo-ovata, hyalina, continua, enucleata uninucleatave. Paraphyses filiformes, clavatae. Terrestres, plerumque vernales.

Synonym of Helvella

Type species: Actinospora megalospora Ingold 1952

Type designated by Ingold (1952)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Fungi mycelio ramoso septato. Conidium (thallospora terminalis) consistens in parte globosa vel subglobosa conidiophorae adnexa et 4 (vel pluribus) hyphis longis in speciem radiorum extensis.

Synonym of Miladina

Type species: Actinospora megalospora Ingold 1952

Type designated by Descals et al. (1999)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Nom. novum, = Actinospora Ingold, nom. illeg.

Synonym of Miladina

Type species: Peziza babingtonii Berk. & Broome 1851

Type designated by Pfister et al. (2009)

Diagnosis: Pachyella similaris sed gelatinosa copiosa interna, apothecia mina et pulvinata. Sporae cum duabus guttulis prominentibus guttulisque multis minutis. Apothecia carens stratum exterius pilorum valli.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Ahmadea dalanensis Aman & Khalid 2020

Type designated by Aman, Khalid & Moncalvo (2020)

Diagnosis: Hypogeous ascomata, irregular in shape, thin excipulum, solid gleba lacking paraphyses, asci with eight spores (sometimes less), ascospores globose, ornamented with sharp spines with a broad base and blunt ends.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza aurantia Pers. 1794

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Cupulae gregariae, magnae, ampliato-campanulatae, extus farinosae, stipitatae subsessilesve, carnosae, disco concavo, marginato, colorato. Asci longissimi, cylindracei, 8spori. Sporidia oblique monosticha, oblongo-ovata, 1—2 guttulata, continua, hyalina, episporio granuloso. Paraphyses filiformes, coloratae. Autumnales. Terricolae.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 17 fide DoF [6 integrated herein]

Type species: Aleurina tasmanica Massee 1898

Type designated by Massee (1898)

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 11 fide DoF [6 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecium solitary to gregarious, turbinate to deep cupulate when young, discoid to flat at maturity, cupulate to deep cupulate when dry; sessile to subsessile; medium sized. Hymenium olivaceous, olivaceous brown, brown, or purplish brown when fresh; olivaceous brown, dark brown or dark purplish brown when dry. Receptacle brown to reddish brown when fresh, dark brown to dark purplish brown when dry, usually with pustules at the flanks near the margin, and with subhyaline, flexuous hyphae at the base, basal hyphae often enmenshing soil particles. Ectal excipulum of textura angularis, cells light brown, isodiametric to elongated polygonal, axes of cells usually perpendicular to the outer surface of apothecium, walls somewhat rigid, cells of the pustules brown, subglobose, thick-walled; medullary excipulum of textura intricata, hyphae subhyaline to pale brown, running more or less parallel to the outer surface; subhymenium well-developed or indistinguishable. Asci cylindrical, 4- or 8-spored, J- in Melzer''s Reagent, usually with crozier at base. Ascospores ellipsoid, hyaline to pale yellow, with rounded warts, conical warts, or spines on surface, mostly biguttulate, uniseriate, fairly thick-walled when young, walls becoming thinner at maturity. Paraphyses simple, subcylindrical, subclavate to subcapitate at apex, with brownish pigment, septate in lower portion, in some species with a strongly cyanophilic paraphysis cap which soon loosens and either remains inverted cupulate or becomes reflexed and discoid, remaining attached to the paraphysis apex only at its center. On sandy or mossy soil, leaves, wood, or duff.

Type species: Amblyosporiopsis parasphenoides Fairm. 1922

Type designated by Fairman (1922)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Sterile hyphae repent, simple or branching, septate; conidiophores erect, simple or branching, hyaline, dilated at the paices into subglobose, often facetted heads; conidia usually formed on the primary heads, occasionally on secondary or proliferate ones, (originating from minute sterigmata?), globose or ellipsoid at first, becoming subcuneate, bullet or shell shaped, truncate at the upper end, hyaline.

Synonym of Oedocephalum

Type species: Amylascus herbertianus (J.W. Cribb) Trappe 1971

Type designated by Trappe (1971)

Diagnosis: Ascocarpi subglobosi, plicati. Excipulm externum verrucosum, cellulis inflatissimis. Gleba venis coloratis, cellulosis. Asci sporis 5–8, parietibus amyloideis, incrassatis. Sporae globosae, ornatae.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF [8 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascocarp subglobose, plicate. Peridium red to blackish brown, verrucose, tomentose, with an outer layer of greatly inflated (up to 100 µm) cells. Gleba trame not differentiated into fertile and non-fertile areas but deeply penetrated by meandering, red, peridium-line veins. Asci 5- to 8-spored, ellipsoid, sessile or with a short, simple stem, at maturity the walls more or less 2 µm thick and faintly blue in Melzer''s reagent. Spores globose, echinulate, hyaline.

Type species: Anserina globosa Vel. 1934

Type designated by Velenosvský (1934)

Diagnosis: Hypothallus tubere globoso, tenuiter parenchymatoso constans, in quo apparent 1–4 verrucae, e 5–15 ascis paraphysatis compositae. Par. filif., non incrassatae, falcatae. As. jodo coerulei. Sp. maximae, ellipticae, laeves, 8, distichae, dein coeruleae. Tubera caespitoso-conferta.
Species unica nota, in fimis anserinis primo vere.

Synonym of ? Ascobolus

Type species: Anthopeziza winteri Wettst. 1886

Type designated by Kanouse (1948)

Diagnosis: Thalamia caespitosa, magna, longe stipitata, cum stipite flexuoso cornu speciem referentia, superne in cupulam dilatata, e mycelio denso nigrescente (non sclerotio) orta, carnosa, extus imprimis in parte inferiore lanato-pubescentia. Cupula campanulata, margine magis minusve regulariter fisso. Hymenium colore laeto. Asci longissimi, octospori. Paraphyses tenues, numerosae, apice clavatae, inter se irregulariter reticulatim connectae vel ramosae. Sporae maximae unicellulares, enucleatae, 3–4 guttulatae. — Fungi terrestres, vere primo thalamia proferentes.

Synonym of Microstoma

Type species: Peziza melaloma Alb. & Schwein. 1805

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Poils courts et obtus ; spores avec ou sans sporidioles. Espèces à spores lisses ; carbonicoles

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 15 fide DoF [5 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, apothecial, sessile, first cupuliform then discoid or flattened, hymenium yellow-orange to dull orangish, with an external surface covered by superficial light umber brown to brown pseudo-hairs, i.e. brown clavate or obtuse elongated cells. Margin hairy. Excipulum two-layered: medullary layer of textura intricata and ectal layer of textura subglobulosa/angularis. Asci operculate, arising from croziers, inamyloid, 8-spored. Paraphyses slender, enlarged to capitate at the top, hyaline. Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid, hyaline, biguttulate, thick-walled, smooth. Species saprobic on burnt soil.

Asexual morph of Scytalidium type.

Type species: Antrelloides atroceracea P.S. Catches. & D.E.A. Catches. 2018

Type designated by Catcheside & Catcheside (2018)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecial ascomata up to 40 mm diam. Hymenium convex; firm, waxy; black, violaceous-black. Basal stipe substantial; obconic; a chambered base of knobby columnar ridges radiating from base; fragile, waxy. Asci amyloid; cylindrical; operculate; 8-spored. Ascospores ellipsoid; smooth under light microscope. Paraphyses longer than asci; septate; tips swollen and tending to aggregate, encrusted with brown amorphous matter; branching occasionally near tips. Medullary excipulum of several layers of interwoven hyphae, grading into ectal excipulum. Ectal excipulum of large globose to subglobose cells with interwoven hyphae. Stipe tissue of textura globulosa and chains of subglobose cells.

Type species: Aparaphysaria doelloi Speg. 1922

Type designated by Spegazzini (1922)

Diagnosis: Char. Pezizea, subceraceo-carnosa, glaberrima, hyalospora; ascomata mediocra subturbinato-cupulata, sessilia; asci cylindracei densissime constipati, octospori, operculatim dehiscentes, paraphysibus omnino nullis; sporae ellipticae, continuae, hyalinae, laeves.
Est Peziza paraphysibus plane destituta.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF

Type species: Aquapeziza globispora D.M. Hu, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde 2012

Type designated by Hu et al. (2012)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1

Current definition: Apothecia scattered, epigeous, sessile, turbinate, white; excipulum composed of an ectal exipulum of textura globulosa to textura angularis and medullary excipulum of textura intricata. Paraphyses cylindrical, septate, hyaline. Asci unitunicate, not protruding, operculum not distinct, at first broad cylindrical becoming ovoid at maturity, with a rounded apex, hyaline, amyloid, eight-ascospored. Ascospores globose, one-celled, guttulate, hyaline, smooth.

Type species: Arpinia inops Berthet 1974

Type designated by Berthet (1974)

Diagnosis: Apotheciae terrestres, pedunculatae, cupulares, extrinsecus subtiliter furfuraceae, omnino pallidae, pigmentis carotenoidibus indigentes. Asci octospori, non iodo caerulescentes. Sporae uni – aut biguttulatae, ovatae, laeves, uninucleatae. Paraphyses clavatae, apice rectae. Ascogenae hyphae fibulatae.

Family: Otideaceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF [3 integrated herein]

Type species: ?

Diagnosis: Pyrenium subglobosum arrhizum corticatum primitus clausum s. involuto-coalitum tuberiforme, intus demum ascis globosis vesiculosis majusculis hyalinis, hinc in appendiculam abrupte productis veluti caudatis, sporidia globosa ovatave magna 4-5 reticulato-aspera s. muricata colorata foventibus, carnem nucleiformem coactam, isthmis stipato-hyphoideis venoso-ramosis dilutioribus sterilibus (in dissectis parenchyma venoso-marmoreum mentientibus) interceptam infarcientibus foetum.
(Tuber Mich. Bull. Lk. (obs. I. 31. f. 51. Ascis sterilibus) et auct. Lycoperdi sp. L. Tubera terrae Plin. […])

Synonym of Tuber

Type species: Ascobolus pezizoides Pers. 1797 (= Peziza stercoraria Bull.)

Type designated by Persoon (1792)

Diagnosis: Fungus hemisphaericus: Vesicula oblonga diseo sparsim subimmersa elastice ejiciens femina.

Family: Ascobolaceae

Number of species: 61 fide DoF [31 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia superficial or immersed, sometimes with a short stalk; mostly small, 0.3-10 mm, in one species up to 30 mm diameter. Receptacle subglobular, pyriform, obconical, cup- or saucer-shaped, rarely lenticular; surface smooth, furfuraceous villose or downy. Asci saccate-clavate or cylindric-clavate; at maturity the tips strongly protruding above the hymenium; with a rounded, dome-shaped or slightly truncate apex. Ascospores biseriate or irregularly disposed; free, neither clustered nor arranged according to a regular pattern (as illustrated in fig. 00) during any phase of the maturation. Paraphyses slender, cylindrical; often embedded in colourless, yellowish or yellowish-green mucus.
Predominantly fimicolous, but also foliicolous, lignicolous, terrestrial and pyrophilous.

Asexual morph of Rhizostilbella type.

Type species: Ascocalathium stipitatum Eidam ex J. Schröt. 1893

Type designated by Schröter (in Cohn, 1893)

Diagnosis: Fruchtkörper frei aufsitzend, sehr klein, scheibenförmig aus kleinen fleischigen Grundlagen un den frei auf ihnen aufsitzenden Schläuchen mit dazwischen stehenden Paraphysen gebildet. Schläuche cylinderisch, 8sporig. Sporen ellipsoidisch; Membran farblos. Paraphysen haarförmig, die Schlaüche überragend.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Ascodesmis nigricans Tiegh. 1876

Type designated by Seaver (1928)

Diagnosis: Comme l''exprime le nom d''Ascodesmis, que je propose de leur donner, le fruit mûre ces plantes se compose simplement d''un bouquet ou d''une rosette d''asques divergents, entremêlés de paraphyses, le tout inséré à la surface supérieure d''une petite masse cellulaire arrondie, qui à son tour s''attache au milieu de sa face inférieure et par un court rameau à un filament mycélien. Complétement dépourvus d''enveloppe ou de périasque, ces fruits sont très petits, les plus gros atteignant à peine 2 à 3 dixièmes de millimètre; aussi n''apparaissent-ils à l''oeil nu, sur la trame blanche formée par le mycélium aérien de la plante, que comme autant de petils points d''un brun-chocolat dans l''Ascodesmis nigricans, d''un jaune d''or dans l''Ascodesmis aurea. […]

Family: Ascodesmidaceae

Number of species: 6 fide DoF [7 integrated herein]

Type species: Ascobolus cinereus P. Crouan & H. Crouan 1858

Type designated by Faurel & Schotter (1965)

Diagnosis: Differt genere Ascophanus, cujus habet ceteras species, a sporis paratis episporio crasso et ab ingentibus verrucis subsphæricis in apice. Differt genere Ascophanopsis ab episporio crasso et ab verrucis apicalibus non-coagmentatis in tegumento cylindraceo basilare.

Synonym of Thecotheus

Type species: Ascophanopsis perplexans Faurel & Schotter 1965

Type designated by Faurel & Schotter (1965)

Diagnosis: Differt genere Ascophanus, cujus habet ceteras species, a sporis paratis ingentibus verrucis apicalibus basilariter coagmentatis in strophio cylindraceo. Differt genere Ascophanella a privatione episporii crassi et a verrucis apicalibus basilariter coagmentatis in tegumento cylindraceo.

Synonym of Thecotheus

Type species: Ascobolus granuliformis P. Crouan & H. Crouan 1858

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Ascobolus et Peziza auctorum.
Receptaculum carnosum, glabrum, aut pruinosum, aut etiam pilosum, rario marginatum, semper sessile. Hymenium planum aut convexum, gelatina raro conspicua, thecis parum prominentibus, semper crystallino-papillatum. Paraphyses thecarum longitudine, simplices aut ramosae, septatae, graciles aut ad apicem incrassatae, hyalinae aut coloratae, intus saepius granulosae. Thecae crassae clavatae, raro oblongo-ovatae, hyalinae aut vix tinctae, ad basin attenuatae, sporas 8 includentes (unica specie thecas 16 sporas offert), operculo conspicuo, rotundato, saepius recurvato, dehiscentes. Sporae ovatae aut oblongo-ovatae, semper hyalinae aut vix tinctae, nudae sed juniores gelatina singulatim circumdatae, episporio hyalino, levi, raro minutissime punctato, nucleo conspicuo ; maturae ad extremitatem thecae sic aggregatae : sex in duabus seriebus juxtapositis et una utraque extremitate.

Synonym of Iodophanus ?

Type species: Ascorhizoctonia praecox Chin S. Yang & Korf 1985

Type designated by Yang & Korf (1985)

Diagnosis: Coloniae celeriter crescentes, hyalinae vel brunnae, patellas petrianas 90 mm latas agarum + aquam, agarum + Zeae farinam, agarum + hordei tosti extractum, agarumve + Solani tuberosi dextrosum continentes 5–7 diebus temperatura ca 21 C velantes. Mycelium adpressum, immersum, superficiareve, annulis concentricis praesentibus absentibusve, cellularum monilioidearum caespites sporodochiis similes super agaro vel intra agarum saepe producentibus. Hyphae cylindrales, septatae, 2.0–13.0 mm latae, hyalinae vel brunneae, laeves vel sparsim verrucosae, aut parallele jacentes aut paene ad angulum 90° ramificantes, cellulis globulis oleosis repletis. Circuli et ponticuli hyphales praesentes vel absentes. Nec sclerotia vera nec bulbili procreati.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 7 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia sunken in the substratum up to halfway up the apothecial flanks; ascospores ellipsoid with conspicuously tapered ends, walls thick (0.7–1 μm), perispore cyanophilic, not loosening in CB, smooth or finely verrucose, RBI 1–2, containing only BSG; asci arising from compact croziers; hairs distributed only on marginal area, hair base narrow; colonies concentrically banded on MEA, of moderate growth (reaching 5–6 cm diam. on MEA at fourth day); ascorhizoctonia-type anamorph normally formed on MEA; mycelia forming loops on water agar and CMA; saprotrophic; so far including species with yellowish to ochre hymenia in fresh apothecia, occurring only on burnt substrates.

Type species: Ascosparassis shimizuensis Kobayasi 1960

Type designated by Kobayasi (1960)

Diagnosis: Fructificationes e sclerotio subterraneo carnoso oriundae, stipitatae coriaceae flabellatim dilatatae, margine lobatae undulatae integrae; hymenio unilaterali laevi; excipulo externo verrucoso parenchymatico, hypothecio prosenchymatico. Paraphyses filiformes simplices, apice hamatae; ascis cylindricis octosporis inoperculatis J-; ascosporis uniseriatis ellipsoideis continuis laevibus hyalinis.

Family: Otideaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Fructifications growing from underground sclerotioid carnose mycelial mass, stipitate coriaceous, flabellately dilated, margin lobed, undulate, entire; hymenium unilateral smooth; exciple (ectal excipulum) verrucose, parenchymatic; inner tissue (medullary excipulum) prosenchymatic. Paraphyses simple, not forming epithecium, apex peg-shaped; asci cylindric 8-spored inoperculate, apex opening by pore, not bluing with iodine. Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid smooth one-celled, hyaline.

Type species: Lachnea solsequia Quél. 1892

Type designated by Van Vooren et al. (2021)

Diagnosis: Differs from Humaria by the orange-coloured hymenium, smooth or finely dotted ascospores, its saprobic trophic status and genetic profile.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, apothecial, sessile, orange-coloured, with an external surface and margin covered by brown hairs. Excipulum two-layered: medullary layer of textura intricata, ectal layer of textura subglobulosa/angularis. Hairs simple, superficial, septate, with a simple base. Asci operculate, narrowing towards the base, arising from croziers, inamyloid, 8-spored. Paraphyses slender, not enlarged at the top, containing carotenoid pigments. Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid, hyaline, biguttulate, smooth or very finely dotted. Trophic status probably saprobic. Asexual morph unknown.

Type species: Peziza dochmia Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1868

Type designated by Rifai (1968)

Diagnosis: Apothecia gregaria, magna, stipitata vel subsessilia, inaequalia, flabelliformis, auriformis vel rara discoidea. Caro (excipulum medullare) e textura intricata, hyphis septatis, gracilibus, gelatinosis composita. Asci subcylindracei, inferne longe angustati, octospori. Ascospori uniseriati, hyalini, guttulati, leniter curvati, striati. Paraphyses lineares, septatae, ramosae. Hab. ad lignum putridum.

Family: Sarcoscyphaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Babosia variospora D.G. Knapp, Zagyva, Trappe & Kovács 2020

Type designated by Knapp et al. (2020)

Diagnosis: Ascomata gasteroid, hypogeous. Differs from the phylogenetically most closely related Temperantia, Hydnobolites, and Stouffera by the dark sporogenous zone and dark brown spore color at maturity, the clear peridermal layer at maturity, and the variability of the ornamentation of the ascospores.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1

Type species: Balsamia vulgaris Vittad. 1831

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Char. Uterus mollis, sessilis, arrhizus, semper clausus, celluloso-carnosus. Sporangia oblonga, membranacea, pedicellata, octospora, cellularum parietibus immersa ac seriatim disposita. Sporidia cylindracea, laevia, pellucida.

Family: Helvellaceae

Number of species: 6 fide DoF [6 integrated herein]

Type species: Ascobolus miniatus P. Crouan & H. Crouan 1858

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: (Etym. a cl. J. B. Barla, de Hymenomycetibus nicaeensibus optime merito), Crouania Fuck. Symb. p. 320 (1869) nec J. Agardh (1842), — Ascoma cupulato-depressum, carnosum, minutum v. mediocre. Asci cylindracei v. clavati, paraphysati, octospori. Sporidia perfecte sphaerica, hyalina. — Est Humaria sphaerospora.

Synonym of Lamprospora

Type species: Ascobolus miniatus P. Crouan & H. Crouan 1858

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Sacc. Tab. comp. gen. p. 30, Barlaea Sacc. (1889) Syll. VIII, p. 111, X, p 5, XI, p. 396, nec Reichenb (1877).

Synonym of Lamprospora

Type species: Barssia oregonensis Gilkey 1925

Type designated by Gilkey (1925)

Diagnosis: Ascocarp scabrous to verrucose, reddish-yellow, nearly even to lobed, somewhat flattened with an irregular opening at the apex into a central depression; cortical structure of the surface of the ascocarp carried into the depression except where the hymenium projects inot it; inner tissue of the ascocarp thrown up in more or less connected folds, forming canals and chambers lined with hymenium, these canals opening into the cavity of the ascocarp; hymenium composed of regularly arranged asci and paraphyses; paraphyses very slender and much longer than the asci; asci cylindrical, somewhat club-shaped, 8-spored; spores ellipsoid, smooth, 1- or incompletely 2-seriate, colorless.

Family: Helvellaceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF [6 integrated herein]

Type species: Berggrenia aurantiaca Cooke 1879

Type designated by Cooke (1879)

Diagnosis: Carnosa, inflata, subsessilis, intus hymenio effuso obducta. Sporidiis amplis, ascigeris. Gard. Chron., Oct., 1879

Family: Incertae sedis

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Helvella verpoides Fr.

Type designated by Fries (1849)

Diagnosis: Disco stipiti contiguo, bilobo.

Synonym of Helvella

Type species: Peziza insititia Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1860

Type designated by Ito & Imai (1937)

Diagnosis: Apothecium stipitatum, extus fasciculato-tomentosum, lente carnosum. Ascii cylindrici, octospori. Sporae fusoideae, hyalinae, laeves. Paraphyses filiformes, apice valde septatae constrictaeque, saepe reticulatae.

Synonym of Cookeina

Type species: Botrytis geniculata Corda 1839

Type designated by Ciferri (1962)

Synonym of Conoplea

Type species: Humaria luteola Velen. 1934

Type designated by Svrček (1977)

Diagnosis: Apothecia minuta vel mediocria, sessilia, concava, discina, crasse carnosa, margine integro, nuda, luteo-colorata. Excipulum ectale medullareque textura globulosa vel subglobulosa, cellulis ecoloratis, parietibus haud incrassatis. Asci cylindracei, non amyloidei, octospori. Paraphyses tenuiter filiformes, apice non dilatatae, conspecte curvatae et spiraliter contortae. Ascosporae ellipsoideae, verrucosae, hyalinae. Hab. ad terram.

Family: Coprotaceae

Number of species: 6 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Boudiera areolata Cooke & W. Phillips 1877

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Immarginata, orbiculare, discoidea, plana, vel convexa, carnosa; hymenio papillato; ascis clavatis vel clavato-cylindraceis, exclusis; sporidiis globosis; paraphysibus distinctis.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 10 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Boudierella cana Marchal

Type designated by Marchal (1895)

Diagnosis: Ascomata carnosula, sessilia, hemisphaerica. Discus planus, margine ciliatus, ascis papillatus. Asci oblongi, 4-spori, fissura longitrorsus dehiscentes, paraphysati. Sporidia globosa hyalina, laciniis numerosis, angustis, insigniter contecta.
A gen. affini Boudiera differt sporidiis non octonis nec coloratis ascisque longitrorsus dehiscentibus.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Byssonectria obducens P. Karst. 1881

Type designated by Karsten (1881)

Diagnosis: Perithecia stromate byssino, effuso, connexa, ceteroqvin, sicut etiam asci et sporae, Nectriellae; paraphyses numerosae.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 10 fide DoF [4 integrated herein]

Type species: Caccobius minusculus Kimbr. 1967

Type designated by Kimbrough & Korf (1967)

Diagnosis: Apothecia minuta, 150-175 µ lata, pallida vel alba, solitaria vel se congregantia, sessilia, discoidea; excipulum basale, margine setis septatis 24-40 µ longis, 2.5-3.0 µ latis instructa; asci 15-25, cylindrici, 125-135 × 50-60 µ, in iodo non caerulescentes, in "congo red" aequabiliter tincti epistomio apicali hyalino 15-20 µ diam. excepto quod atramento "Waterman''s blue-black" tingi potest; ascospori elliptici, 4.9-5.2 × 2.1-2.3 µ, muris usque ad 0.5 µ crassis, sine vacuolis evidentibus; paraphyses multae, filiformes, septatae, in tunica mucilaginea ascum quemque involvente mersae, pseudo-excipulum hypharum parallelarum rectarum supra excipulum verum formantes, epithecium quoque supra ascum quemque ramis efficientes.

Family: incertae sedis

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Pachyphloeus prieguensis Mor.-Arr., J. Gómez & Calonge 1996

Type designated by Healy et al. (2009)

Diagnosis: A Pachyphloeo differt exipulo duplici; stratum exteriore pilis brevibus cellulis apicalibus versiformibus, hiin canalibus cavis similita praesentes; stratum interiore hyphis filamentis et cellulis inflatis; canalibusque cavitatibus glebae epithecio peridioideo inclusis; sporae spinis variabiliter dispositis, frequenter curvis, sine perisporis; et ordinatione DNA ITS et LSU. Species typicus: Calongea prieguensis.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza fulgens Pers. 1822

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Thèques de grandeurs ordinaires ou petites (brévithèques). Paraphyses rameuses, souvent atténuées aux extrémités ; thèques petites ; spores rondes.

Family: Caloscyphaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Asexual morph of Geniculodendron type.

Type species: Carbomyces emergens Gilkey 1954

Type designated by Gilkey (1954)

Diagnosis: Ascocarp compact, hypogaeous or epigaeous, more or less globose but with a suggestion of a slightly narrowed, darker base; peridium firm when dry, its texture somewhat that of carbonized wood; outer layer coarsely pseudoparenchymatous; innermost layer of coarse, free or more or less fused, branching hyphae, this layer continuing into the gleba as a network of veins surrounding nests of closely-packed minute asci; mature asci brownish, broadly obovate to globose, thick-walled, often eventually released from the hyphae, and tardily and irregularly dehiscent to allow gradual escape of the spores; spores 8, globose or broadly ellipsoid, smooth or with minute scattered papillae, brownish.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Caulocarpa montana Gilkey 1947

Type designated by Gilkey (1947)

Diagnosis: Ascomatibus carnosis, stipitatis, lente lobatis; interiore in cava partito, parietibus cavorum hymenio praeditis; gleba lacunis ad ascomatis superficiem apertis praedita; ascis cylindricis, octosporis; paraphysibus exilibus; sporis uniseriatis, levibus.

Synonym of Sarcosphaera

Type species: Cazia flexiascus Trappe 1989

Type designated by Trappe (1989)

Diagnosis: Sporocarpium 3.5 × 4.5 cm, subglobosum, prope album, glabrum. Gleba pallide violaceo-grisea, venis albis ex basi radiantibus. Asci 105-150 × 20-28 µm, sporis (5)7-8, irregulatim cylindrici vel saccati, plerumque flexi, hyalini, non-amyloidei, in hymenio inordinato innati. Sporae 13-16 × 10-12 µm, ellipsoideae, hyalinae, minute verrucose reticulatae, ornamentum 0.2-0.4 µm altum. Holotypus Trappe 7820 (OSC).

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Cephaliophora tropica Thaxt. 1903

Type designated by Thaxter (1903)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Vegetative hyphae copious, branching, septate, colorless. Sporophores arising as short branches from the hyphae, which become more or less abruptly enlarged distally to form a variably differentiated head, from the surface of which the spores are produced. Spores once to several times transversely septate, becoming brownish, the sterile basal segment narrowed to form a more or less distinct pedicellate attachment.

Family: Ascodesmidaceae

Number of species: 6 fide DoF

Type species: Cephalomyces nigricans Bainier 1907

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Le Cephalomyces produit un abondant mycélium étalé blanc dans la masse duquel on voit bientôt apparaître de nombreux petits points noirs qui sont les appareils fructifères. Chaque hyphe mycélienne cloisonnée et ramifiée irrégulièrement donne naissance à son sommet et en même temps de distance en distance, sur ses côtés, aux appareils conidifères, qui forment comme une sorte de grappe très lâche. Ces appareils sont tous sensiblement construits sur le même type, se composant d''un support court à une ou deux cloisons, surmonté d''une vésicule sphérique conidifère. L''ensemble mesuré en moyenne de 112 à 140 µ (conidies non comprises).
Le support des fructifications terminales se différencie peu des hyphes mycéliennes dont il est le prolongement direct, celui des fructifications latérales se sépare à angle plus ou moins droit du filament qui le porte. Tous ont à leur base un faible diamètre de 5,6 à 11,2 µ, sensiblement celui des hyphes mycéliennes; puis ils se dilatent peu à peu, doublent de diamétre, et se terminent par une vésicule globuleuse un peu irrégulière ou nettement sphérique, d''un diamètre de 28 à 42 µ et de couleur légèrement fuligineuse [...]

Synonym of Cephaliophora

Type species: Chaetothiersia vernalis B.A. Perry & Pfister 2008

Type designated by Perry & Pfister (2008)

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF, currently 4 [4 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, apothecial, sessile, cupuliform, pale grey to whitish-coloured or yellow to orangish yellow, with an external surface covered by brown hairs. Margin hairy. Excipulum two-layered: medullary layer thick, of textura intricata, and ectal layer of textura globulosa/angularis. Hairs superficial, simple, septate, with a simple ± swollen base. Asci operculate, narrowing toward base, arising from free croziers, inamyloid, 8-spored. Paraphyses slender, equal to enlarged (sometimes subcapitate) at the top, hyaline or containing a sparse granular yellow pigment. Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid, hyaline, guttulate or not, smooth. Species saprobic on the litter and woody debris of conifers. Asexual morph unknown.

Type species: Chalazion sociabile Dissing & Sivertsen 1975

Type designated by Dissing & Sivertsen (1975)

Diagnosis: Carposoma parvum, superficiale, discoides vel pulvinatum, albidum vel colore perpallido, grandinem parvam revocans, unde nomen. Excipulum exterius simplex, e cellulis cyanophilis membranis tenuibus compositum, nullis pilis vestitum. Asci operculati, magni, prominentes, non amyloides, clavati, membranis crassis. Paraphyses hyalinae vel colore perpallido, septatae, sursum incrassatae. Ascosporae biseriatae, membranis crassis, colore nullo, maturae ornamentis cyanophilis notatae, guttulas continentes.

Family: Ascodesmidaceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF [3 integrated herein]

Current definition: Fruit bodies small, superficial, discoid to pulvinate, whitish or very lightly pigmented. Outer excipullum simple, of thin walled, cyanophilic cells, without hairs. Asci operculate, large, protruding, non-amyloid, clavate, thick walled. Paraphyses hyaline or very lightly coloured, enlarged above, septate. Ascospores thick walled, biseriate, colourless, with guttules, at maturity with a cyanophilic ornamentation.

Type species: Peziza stercorea Pers. 1800

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Poils du réceptacle longs et aigus. Hyménium rouge ou jaune, rarement de couleur fauve ou pâle. Spores n''ayant jamais intérieurement de gouttelettes. Hyménium jaune ou orangé. Espèces fimicoles.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 66 fide DoF [17 integrated herein]

Type species: Choiromyces meandriformis Vittad. 1831

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Char. Uterus polymorphus, sessilis, arrhizus, extus laevis, interne carnosus, solidus, caro albida, venis proprie seminiferis, decolorantibus variegata. Sporangia longissime pedicellata, lagenaeformia, octospora, simplici serie ad latera venarum distributa. Sporidia sphaerica.

Family: Tuberaceae

Number of species: 5 fide DoF [3 integrated herein]

Type species: Urnula geaster Peck 1894

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Apothecia juvenilia clausa, matura ex apice basin versus stellatim dehiscentia, excipulo toto textura intricata constructo, extus tomentosa, tomento e stratis cellularibus externis formato; pili tomenti simplices, septati, recti, pariete duplici fusco instructi. Asci cylindrici, non amyloidei, octospori. Sporae fusiformes, saepe asymmetricae, laeves, hyalinae. Cellulae paraphysium ante ejaculationem sporarum distincte turgescentes.

Family: Chorioactidaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia closed when young, splitting stellately from the apex downwards when ripe. Externally tomentose. Excipulum of a textura intricata throughout. The outer cell layers give rise to the tomentum which consists of a single type of hair. Hairs unbranched, septate, straight, and with a brown, double wall. Asci cylindrical, eight-spored, non-amyloid. Spores fusiform, smooth, hyaline. Paraphyses with cells that swell considerably before spore discharge.

Type species: Botrytis carnea Schumach. 1803

Type designated by Hennebert (2020)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Differs from Chromelosporium by its synnematous conidiophores and irregular successive bifurcate branching.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 2

Current definition: Hyphae septate, branched and anastomosed, fasciculating in synnemata, forming defined or effuse cushions, diversely colored (white, ochre, yellow, rose, flesh red, blue, or violet). Conidiophores synnematous, laterally and/or apically branching in irregular successive dichotomies called here a coralloid pattern, sparsely septate, apically slightly inflated. Conidiogenous cells subterminal and terminal branches forming synchronously along their lengths holoblastic conidia, each on a denticle; secession rhexolytic. Conidia one-celled, globose or subglobose, with thick ornamented (finely to coarsely verrucose) wall, colored in mass. seceding rhexolytically. Habitat: on organic soil.

Type species: Chromelosporium ochraceum Corda 1833

Type designated by Corda, in Sturm (1833)

Diagnosis: Char. gen. Sporae continuae coloratae, in gelatina nidulantes, floccis heterogeneis destructis ramosis, articulatis hyalinis inspersae. Acervuli effusi colorati.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF, currently 5

Type species: Verpa caroliniana Schwein. 1832

Type designated by Cooke (1875)

Diagnosis: Verpa Schwein.! Discus pileatus, rugoso-tuberculosus, margine revoluto. Stipes rugoso-plicatus.

Family: Helvellaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Peziza scutellata L. 1753

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Poils du réceptacle longs et aigus. Spores lisses ou plus souvent verruqueuses, garnies intérieurement de gouttelettes nombreuses, très rarement presque nulles. Hyménium rouge, espèces terrestres ou humicoles.

Synonym of Scutellinia

Type species: Cleistoiodophanus conglutinatus J.L. Bezerra & Kimbr. 1976

Type designated by Bezerra & Kimbrough (1976)

Diagnosis: Apothecia coprophila, gregaria vel cespitosa, sese cleistohimenialiter evolventia, occulsa, autem, manentia, albo colore praedita; excipula ectalis cyanophilica, cellulas rectangulares vel quadratas habens; excipula medularis cyanophilica, cum textura globulosa; asci generaliter octospore, diffuse amiloides, large clavati, cum parietibus crassis in juventute, pedicelati; ascospori uninucleati, hyalini, ellipsoides, laeves, perisporium mucilaginosum ostentantes; paraphyses ramosae, hyalinae, septatae, multinucleatae.
Momentum conidiale: Oedocephalum Preuss.

Family: Ascobolaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia gregarious to cespitose, developing cleistohymenially, remaining closed, light colored; ectal excipulum of textura prismatica, cyanophilic, of rectangular or quadratic cells; medullary excipulum cyanophilic, of textura globulosa; asci usually 8-spored, diffusely amyloid, broadly clavate, thick-walled in youth, stalked; ascospores uninucleate, hyaline, ellipsoid, smooth, a mucilaginous perispore present; paraphyses branched, hyaline, septate, multinucleate; conidial stage: An Oedocephalum Preuss. Coprophilous.

Type species: Cleistothelebolus nipigonensis Malloch & Cain 1971

Type designated by Malloch & Cain (1971)

Diagnosis: Ascogonia convoluta. Ascocarpae ab subglobosis irregulares, pallide brunneae, nonstromaticae. Asci irregulariter dispositi, ovoidei, evanescentes. Ascosporae unicellares, hyalinae, sine pora, sine "de Bary bubbles." Conidia modo blastosporae producta, hyalina, unicellaria, frequenter gemmifera.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Current definition: Ascocarp initials coiled. Ascocarps subglobose to irregular in shape, pale brown, nonostiolate, nonstromatic. Asci irregularly disposed, ovoid, evanescent. Ascospores one-celled, hyaline, without germ pores, without "de Bary bubbles." Conidia produced as blastospores, hyaline, onecelled, often budding.

Type species: Clelandia arenacea Trappe 1979

Type designated by Trappe (1979)

Diagnosis: Ascocarpia exsiccata ± 2 cm in diam, profunde sulcata. Peridium glabrum, pallide fulvum, arena adherenti velatum. Gleba loculis vacuis labyrinthinis, hymeniis limitatis. Asci cylindrici vel saccati, octospori, valde amyloidei. Sporae late elltpsoideae vel subglobosae, 10-12 × 8-10 µm in diam, dispersae, inferiores quam asci. Holotypus: ADW 15885.

Synonym of Mycoclelandia

Type species: Peziza cochleata L. (sensu Bulliard)

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Cupula sessilis, extus pruinosa, flexuosa, caespitosa-contorta.

Synonym of Otidea

Type species: ?

Diagnosis: Fongosités à tête nue, membraneuse, régulière, unie, ou à pans, ou en réseau à mailles régulières et à bords calleux, montées sur une tige fistuleuse, telles que toutes les espèces de morilles, en place du Morchella de Dillen.

Synonym of Morchella

Type species: ?

Diagnosis: Fongosités membraneuses à tête ployée irrégulièrement, et à cavités ou mailles irrégulières, nues, montées sur tige fistuleuse, en place de l''Elvela de Linné.

Synonym of Helvella

Type species: Complexipes moniliformis C. Walker 1979

Type designated by Walker (1979)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Sporocarpia ignota. Chlamydosporae globosae, 55-110 µm in diam, ferruginae vel atrocinnamomeae, tunica stratis tribus: exteriore ± 1 µm, medio usque ad 6 µm, interiore 0.5-1 µm. Pagina sporae rugosa vel papillosa, altitudo ornamenti usque ad 4 µm. Hypha affixa papillosa vel interdum rugosa, bitunicata, septata cellusis usque ad novem, ad septa constricta, cellula ad basim sporae cupulata, usque ad 24 × 24 µm. Typus: Ames, Iowa, U.S.A., Walker #27 (OSC).

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF

Type species: Dematium sphaericum Pers. 1795

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Fila persistentia in formam distinctam compacta, intus pulvere referta.

Family: Sarcosomataceae

Number of species: 8 fide DoF

Type species: Peziza tricholoma Mont. 1834

Type designated by Seaver (1927)

Diagnosis: Cookeina OK. = Trichoscypha Cooke 1879 non Hk.f.* in BHgp. 1862. Die altere Anacardiacee gilt, sodass die Discomycetee anders zu benennen ist; sie moge den berühmten Namen ihres Begrunders tragen. Die Arten sind nach Saccardo sylloge VIII 160/3 übertragen: Cookeina [...]

Family: Sarcoscyphaceae

Number of species: 12 fide DoF [8 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza granulata Bull. 1790

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Réceptacles marginés, à marge dépassant ou ne d"passant pas l''hyménium, mais toujours l''entourant sur les côtés. Spores sans sporidioles, lisses ; espèces furfuracées, stercoricoles.

Synonym of Cheilymenia

Type species: Coprotiella gongylospora Jeng & J.C. Krug 1976

Type designated by Jeng & Krug (1976)

Diagnosis: Ascocarpia dispersa vel gregaria, sine stromate nec ostiolo, subglobosa vel globosa, primum hyalina, deinde cremea vel flavida, glabra; peridium membranaceum, pseudoparenchymatosum, cremeum vel flavidum. Asci unitunicati, iodo non caerulescentes, late clavati, evanescentes, non uncinati neque apparato apicali praediti. Paraphyses nullae. Ascosporae unicellulares, leves, hyalinae, tenuitunicatae, plerumque bullulas conspicuas exhibentes, sine foramine vel fissura germinationis; vagina gelatinosa nulla. Conidia incognita.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Ascobolus sexdecimsporus P. Crouan & H. Crouan 1858

Type designated by Kimbrough & Korf (1967)

Diagnosis: Apothecia sessilia, discoidea vel aliquantulum convexa, solitaria vel se congregantia, plerumque quam 1 mm diam, minora, ascis prominentibus asperata; asci operculati, 30 vel plures, 30-200 µ longi, 5-60 µ lati, in iodo non caerulescentes, in "congo red" aequabiliter tincti; ascospori in 1 vel 2 seriebus vel irregulariter dispositi, 8-256 in asco quoque, leves, elliptici, 6.0-16 × 3.5-10 µ, muris tenuibus, bullulam conspicuam continentes; paraphyses filiformes, septatae, uncinatae vel clavatae, simplices vel saepe ramosae.

Family: Coprotaceae

Number of species: 23 fide DoF [5 integrated herein]

Type species: Costantinella cristata Matr. 1892

Type designated by Matruchot (1897)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Filaments rampants stériles, irrégulièrement ramifiés, cloisonnés, fuligineux, semi-transparents. Filaments dressés simples et stériles au sommet, longs de 0mm5, munis, à leur partie inférieure, de branches ramifiées portant des verticilles de basides hyalines sporifères. Conidies sphériques, hyalines, de 4 µ de diamètre, naissant isolément sur des stérigmates disposés en crête à la partie supérieure de la baside.

Family: Morchellaceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF

Type species: Phallus crispus Scop. 1772

Type designated by Falck (1923)

Diagnosis: Nomen nudum

Synonym of Helvella

Type species: Peziza macropus Pers. 1796

Type designated by Niewland (1916)

Diagnosis: Nom. nov., = Macropodia Fuckel

Family: Helvellaceae

Number of species: 3

Type species: Ascobolus miniatus P. Crouan & H. Crouan 1858

Type designated by ? Saccardo (1884)

Diagnosis: Cupulae sparsae, sessiles, carnosae, subminutae, extus glabrae, sed quandoque margine fimbriatae, disco concavo convexove, colorato. Asci cylindracei, stipitati, 8spori. Sporidia monosticha, perfecte globosa, simplicia, episporio rubello, laevi subtilissimeve ruguloso. Paraphyses filiformes, simplices divisaeve, multiguttulatae. Plerumque vernales.
Auf nackter, feuchter Erde oder zwischen Moosen lebend.
Verhält sich ungefähr zu Leucoloma wie Pithya zu Ciboria.

Synonym of Lamprospora

Type species: Plicaria murina Fuckel (= Ascobolus brassicae P. Crouan & H. Crouan)

Type designated by Saccardo (1884)

Diagnosis: Ascomata scutellata minuta. Sporidia sphaerica.

Synonym of Ascobolus

Type species: Cryptica lutea R. Hesse 1884

Type designated by Hesse (1884)

Diagnosis: Description

Synonym of Pachyphlodes

Type species: Lasiobolus brachyascus Marchal 1885

Type designated by Seaver (1927)

Diagnosis: Lasioboli et Ascophani spec. Auct. — Ascomata sessilia hemisphaerico-obconica, glabra vel pilosa, disco plano, ascis papillato. Asci clavati vel subpiriformes, octospori, paraphysati. Sporidia perfecte sphaerica, asperula, hyalina.

Synonym of ? Ascodesmis

Type species: Cupulina montana Dougoud, Van Vooren & M. Vega 2015

Type designated by Dougoud et al. (2015)

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 2 [2 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia gregarious, hemispherical or cupulate, sessile, partially embedded in the substrate or superficial, small, brownish ochraceous yellow, brownish orange or orange. Margin protruding, grossly and irregularly crenulate or fimbriate, whitish to pale yellow. Asci operculate, octospored, inamyloid. Ascospores fusoid or ellipsoid, hyaline. Paraphyses straight, enlarged at the top, with yellowish or hyaline content, without iodine reaction, septate, simple or furcate. Medullary excipulum of textura intricata. Ectal excipulum of textura globulosa to globulosa-angularis. Habitat: on soil, on naked or mossy ground.

Type species: Peziza trachycarpa Curr.

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Ascophore sessile, fleshy, rather large, expanded at maturity ; excipulum pseudoparenchymatous ; asci cylindrical, 8-spored ; spores globose, 1-seriate, coloured at maturity; paraphyses septate, clavate.
Peziza, Currey, Linn. Trans., vol. xxiv. p. 493. Distinguished by the discoid ascophore and the perfectly globose spores, which in the British species are clear brown, and rather coarsely warted at maturity.
Distinguished from Detonia, as defined by Saccardo, by the coloured spores.
Sphaerosoma differs in the ascophores being persistently irregularly globose and crumpled.

Synonym of Plicaria

Type species: Cyathipodia platypodia Boud. 1907

Type designated by Dissing (1966)

Diagnosis: Ce genre est bien voisin des Leptopodia dont il ne diffère que par les réceptacles qui ne sont jamais à bords infléchis mais toujours cupulaires. Le pédicule est long, grèle, ordinairement non sillonné ou à peine lacuneux, plus rarement sillonné. Les thèques, spores et paraphyses sont celles des Helvelles. Toutes les espèces sont terrestres.

Synonym of Helvella

Type species: Daleomyces gardneri Setch. 1924

Type designated by Setchell (1924)

Diagnosis: Ascomata magna, inferne per stipitem et contextam mycelialem curtam robustamque, truncato obconicam, affixa, peridio maturitate proprio nullo vestita, interne labyrinthiformi-cavernosa; cameris numerosis cavis, clausis, forma magnitudineque irregularibus, earum parietibus hymenio vestitis, ascis elongatis, cylindraceis, octosporis, paraphysibus intermixtis; paraphysibus moderate robustis, ascos distincte superantibus, earum partibus exsertis flexis; sporis non septatis, oblongis, leviter ruguloso-reticulatis.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 10 [10 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, cupulate, discoid or sparassoid (cabbage-head), of various colours: whitish with pinkish tinges, becoming more or less brownish with age, purplish brown, olivaceous brown or distinctly violet. Flesh without latex. Asci operculate, 8-spored, with the top strongly bluing in an iodine solution (WTR type), with or without crozier. Paraphyses containing a vacuolar pigment, brown, purple brown or yellowish becoming brown with maturity. Ectal excipulum of textura globulosa, with large cells, sometimes partly gelatinised in the outer part (e.g. D. exogelatinosus). Ascospores biguttulate, ornamented with isolate warts, punctiform or irregular, often more dense at the poles. Species saprobic, preferentially growing on basic substrates (burned soil, sandy soil, soil with a high pH).

Type species: Ascobolus immersus Pers. 1794

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Syll. VIII, p. 523, ut subgen. (Etym. dasys pilosus, quasi Ascobolus pilosus). — Ascomata pilosa, setosa v. ciliata, asci et sporidia Ascoboli. — Accedentibus novis et perspicuis typi speciebus, genus distingui meretur, quod prae Ascobolo se fert ut Lasiobolus prae Ascophano.

Synonym of Ascobolus

Type species: Delastria rosea Tul. & C. Tul. 1843

Type designated by Tulasne & Tulasne (1843)

Diagnosis: Peridium tenuissimum byssaceum, candidum, arenae immistum; substantia carnosa, molliuscula, humida, in glebulis versiformibus septis mollibus albis immutabilibus (peridii filamentis stipatis intropulsis aequiparandis) dissecta ; sporangia ovato-oblonga, obtusa saepius incurvato-subreniformia, in glebulis nidulantia, sporas 3 (rarius 4) sphaericas reticulato-echinatas foventia ; guttula (?) in quaque spora subconcentrica. — Fungus basi absorbenti patentissima eradicata donatus.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF, currently 7 [7 integrated herein]

Type species: Dennisiopsis octospora Subram. & Chandrash. 1977

Type designated by Subramanian & Chandrashekara (1977)

Diagnosis: Discomyces apothecia gerens. Apothecia superficialia, sparsa, sessilia, laete flava vel cremea, e fasciculo vel e fasciculis pluribus ascoram et paraphysium in medulla basili constata; medulla sine excipulo ectali. Asci operculati 8- vel multispori, non-amyloidei. Ascosporae hyalinae vel pallide flavae, unicellulares, tenuiter tunicatae, globosae vel ellipsoideae, laeves, in massam interdum agglutinantes, unaquaque ''bulla de Baryea'' prominenter ornata. Paraphyses filiformes, septatae, simplices vel ramosae.

Family: Incertae sedis

Number of species: 2 fide DoF

Type species: Densocarpa shanorii Gilkey 1954

Type designated by Gilkey (1954)

Diagnosis: Ascomatibus hypogaeis aut epigaeis, compactis, puncto adjunctionis myceliali instructis, superficie glabris vel minute velutinosis, saepe tessellatis; texto corticis minute pseudoparenchymatico; gleba firmula lacunis multiformibus, saepe gyroso-labyrinthicis, floccis trajectis, hymenio ex ascis paraphysibusque in valium ordinatis vestitis; ascis cylindricis aut lente clavatis, octosporis; sporis globosis, levibus, saepe 1-4 tantum maturantibus, uniseriatis.

Family: Tarzettaceae

Number of species: 2 [2 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascocarp hypogaeous or epigaeous, firm, with a broad mycelial area at the base, the upper surface often minutely downy and tending to crack irregularly, appearing tessellate at maturity; gleba penetrated by numerous chambers and winding canals lined by hymenium and filled at first by loose hyphae, these often breaking away raggedly in the wider cavities; peridium dark, minutely pseudoparenchymatous; gleba principally of compactly arranged hyphae or of prosenchyma. Hymenium consisting of asci and paraphyses in palisade, many of the paraphyses extending beyond the asci and filling the cavity with loose hyphae. Asci mainly cylindric or slightly clavate, normally 8-spored at first but with generally only 1-4 spores maturing; mature spores typically uniseriate, globose, smooth.

Type species: Desmazierella acicola Lib. 1829

Type designated by Libert (1829)

Diagnosis: Receptaculum orbiculatum; hymenium discoideum, discretum, setulis rigidis hirsutum ; Asci elongati, deorsum attenuati, flexuosi, absque paraphiysibus ; sporidia uniserialia, alba, ovata, sporidiolis duobus.

Family: Chorioactidaceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Asexual morph of Verticicladium type.

Type species: Peziza leiocarpa Curr. 1864

Type designated by Saccardo (1889)

Diagnosis: (Etym. a cl. doct. J. B. De-Toni de cryptogamia et praesertim phycologia optime merito). Discaria Sacc. Consp. gen. Disc. p. 3 [1884] nec Hook. [1830] — Ascoma carnosum, majusculum, mox explanatum, discoideum, fuscum. Asci cylindracei, paraphysati, octospori. Sporidia perfecte globosa, hyalina. — Est Discina sphaerospora.

Synonym of Plicaria

Type species: Dichobotrys abundans Hennebert 1973

Type designated by Hennebert (1973)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Coloniae effusae, ochraceae hyphis hyalinis, laxis. Conidiophori erecti, magni, repetito dichotomice furcati; rami longi, divaricati, sursum curtiores, terminalibus geminatis globosis inflatis conidiogenis cellulis, simul conidia producentes, demum collabentibus. Conidia holoblastica, singula, sessilia vel pedunculata, subglobosa vel napiformia, laevia, superne saepe crassiori parite, inferne tenui pariete, cum vestigio pediculi dilabentia.

Synonym of Trichophaea

Type species: Dictyocoprotus mexicanus J.C. Krug & R.S. Khan 1991

Type designated by Krug & Khan (1991)

Diagnosis: Apothecia dispersa, sessilia, levia, discoidea vel patelliformia, albida vel flavida. Excipulum iodo non rufescentes, ex excipulum ectale textura angulari et excipulum medullare textura intricata compositum, Asci protrudentes, operculati, iodo non caerulescentes, cylindracei, basin versus in stipitem brevem attenuati. Paraphyses filiformes, simplices, hyalinae, in apice crassae et uncinatae. Ascosporae unicellulares, ellipsoideae, hyalinae vel flavidae, subtiliter reticulatae, bullam unam continentes, sine vagina gelatinosa.

Family: Ascodesmidaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecla scattered, sessile, smooth, discoid to saucer-shaped, whitish to pale yellowish; excipulum cyanophilous, non-dextrinoid, two-layered, composed of an ectal excipulum of textura angularis and a distinct medullary excipulum of textura intricata. Asci protruding, operculate, nonamyloid, cylindrical, tapering below into a short stipe. Paraphyses filiform, simple, hyaline, enlarged and uncinate at the apices. Ascospores one-celled, ellipsoidal, hyaline to pale yellowish, ornamented with a fine reticulum, at maturity forming de Bary bubbles, lacking mucilaginous sheath.

Type species: Pseudobalsamia microspora Diehl & E.B. Lamb. 1930

Type designated by Gilkey (1954)

Diagnosis: Ascomatibus hypogaeis vel epigaeis, a mycelio denso antecessis, e hypharum nodis efformatis, difformibus, connatis; ascis inter ascomatum hyphas stipatis, in plicis fertilibus a hyphis sterilibus separatis; sporis 8 vel paucioribus, haud regulariter ordinatis, ut pulvis luteus ab ascarum dissolutione liberatis.

Family: Otideaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Dingleya verrucosa Trappe 1979

Type designated by Trappe (1979)

Diagnosis: Ascocarpia exsiccata usque ad 3.5 cm in diam, subglobosa vel lobata. Peridium verrucosum, fragmentulis pubescentibus, brunneum. Gleba loculis labyrinthinis, hymeniis limitatis, sporis et ascis farctis. Asci cylindrici, pro parte maxima octospori, inamyloidei. Sporae ellipsoideae, 19-26 × 15-18 µm sine ornamentis; episporis 1-3 µm incrassatis, amorphis, brunneo-vinosis, nodosis et porcatis. Paraphyses ± 2 µm in diam, aequales vel inferiores quam asci. Holotypus: PDD 29712.

Family: Tuberaceae

Number of species: 7 fide DoF [3 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascocarps hypogeous with a brown, verrucose peridium. Gleba white with rounded to narrow, labyrinthine chambers lined with a hymenial palisade and filled with asci, paraphyses and spores. Asci cylindric, mostly 8-spored. Spores globose to ellipsoid, hyaline to brown, ornamented with cyanophilic, rounded to irregular warts or ridges.

Type species: Peziza perlata Fr. 1822

Type designated by Fries (1849)

Diagnosis: Cupula (ampla) ab initio plano-convexa, centro adfixa. Sporidia sporidiolis duobus.

Family: Discinaceae

Number of species: 20 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, sessile to substipitate; hymenophore cupulate to discoid; hymenium rugose, yellow–brown, orange-brown, red-brown, or dark brown; stipe fluted, lacunose. Ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid to fusoid, with solitary, pointed apiculi; surface with an irregular reticulum at maturity; perispore cyanophilic; contents uniguttulate or triguttulate.

Type species: Discinella corticalis P. Karst. 1891

Type designated by Karsten (1891)

Diagnosis: Est Discina Fr. em. apotheciis minoribus. Complectitur species plures Humariae Sacc. Syll.

Family: Incertae sedis

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Peziza venosa Pers. 1801

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Spores ovales elliptiques tardives, sans sporidioles. Genre fondé sur les P. venosa Pers. et reticulata Grev.

Family: Morchellaceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Discomycetella aquatica Sanwal 1953

Type designated by Sanwal (1953)

Diagnosis: Apothecia glabra, discoidea, hymenio convexo, valde gelatinoso. Hymenium in pagina superiore tantum evolutum. Asci longissimi, in stipitem attenuati, operculo apicali dehiscentes. Sporae hyalinae, ellipsoideae leves. Mycelium vegetativum superficiale, niveum

Synonym of Psilopezia?

Type species: Peziza leucomelaena Pers. 1822

Type designated by Hansen et al. (2019)

Family: Helvellaceae

Number of species: 4 [4 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia cup-shaped, mostly remaining concave when expanding, subsessile, or with a ± distinct stipe; stipe short, broad or slender, with a few ± conspicuous, blunt ribs gradually widening and subdividing towards the cup attachment. Hymenium yellowish brown to greyish brown, to dark brownish black; receptacle surface even or with few to many blunt to angular ribs and grooves below, pubescent, upper part whitish to dark greyish brown, below concolorous or often gradually paler to almost whitish. Asci cylindrical, operculate, arising from simple septa, 8-spored. Spores ellipsoid, obtuse or attenuate, smooth. Paraphyses filiform, septate, with clavate or subcapitate tips.

Type species: Urnula helvelloides Donadini, Berthet & Astier 1973

Type designated by Bellemère et al. (1990)

Diagnosis: Apotheciae lignicolae, in ligno mortuo caduco enascentes, pedunculatae, cupulares, gregariae; cupula hemisphaerica, marginata. Stipes plenus. Asci octospori, cylindrati, base flexuosi. Endotunica in apice solum adest, natura heteroclita. Ectotunica in apice angustata, natura heteroclita. Apertio operculata haud suboperculata. Sporae pariete propra dispari, ac perispora verrucis parvis cyanophilisque ornata, et intus parcis guttulis repletae. Ascogenae hyphae non fibulatae. Paraphyses lineares, apice saepe furcatae ac nodosae.

Family: Sarcosomataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF, currently 5 [5 integrated herein]

Type species: Gyromitra phillipsii Massee 1895

Type designated by Seaver (1928)

Diagnosis: Ascophores large, consisting of numerous contorted and frequently anastomosing ribs resembling a Spamssis, the numerous cavities lined everywhere with the hymenium, the color ranging from white to rosy or faintly violaceous; flesh very brittle; asci 8-spored; spores minutely sculptured; spore-sculpturing consisting of minute warts or papillae.

Synonym of Daleomyces

Type species: Galactinia polaripapulata J. Moravec 1969

Type designated by Van Vooren (2020)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 5 [2 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, discoid or slightly cupulate, small-sized, olive or yellowish with distinct olivaceous tinges. Flesh without latex. Asci operculate, 8-spored; ascus wall diffusely amyloid (W type). Paraphyses containing a yellow, yellow-ochre or olivaceous pigment, sometimes also with an external pigment at the top. Ectal excipulum of textura globulosa with small to medium-sized cells. Ascospores eguttulate, sometimes containing small granules or drops in young state, smooth or ornamented. Species saprobic.

Type species: Stephensia arenivaga Cooke & Massee 1892

Type designated by McLennan (1961)

Diagnosis: Genus novum Stephensiam Tulasne maxima accedit, sed. venis externis ascocarpi irregulariter dispositis (haud a cavo centrali radiantibus) .Ascocarpus pallidus (albus vel isabellinus), permollis, radicem versus gradatim contractus, longitudinaliter et transverse penetratus a fissuris profundis in quas venae externae patescunt, superficie cerebriformiter plicata. Peridium a pseudoparenchymate impletum. Gleba ex venis internis multiplicibus consistens; venae gerentes hymenium, cuius textus dis-ponitur in vallo ascorum et paraphysium; paraphyses in venas externas protrudentes, in his canalibus textum reticulatus formantes (canales ad maturitatem dissolvuntur). Venae externae irregulariter dispositae. Asci sporis 8. Sporae globosae, leves vel perleniter foveolatae.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1

Type species: Arachniotus lectardii Nicot 1970

Type designated by Arx (1971)

Diagnosis: Ascomata absunt; ascogonia in mycelio aerio, curvata vel contorta, ascos singulos vel paucos proferunt et saepe nonnulla filamenta; asci late clavati, obovati vel subglobosi, pariete simplici, tenui, plerumque octospori; ascosporae globosae, maturitae dilute brunneae, pariete crasso, spinoso; conidia absunt.

Family: Ascodesmidaceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Endogonella borneensis Höhn. 1913

Type designated by Höhnel (1913)

Diagnosis: Epigäisch. Chlamydosporocarp dünn, anfänglich schüsselförmig mit eingebogenem Rande, dann zu einem knollenförmigen, hohlen oben offenen Körper zusammengebogen. Chlamydosporen dickwandig, in der Mittelschichte der Wandung des Hohlkörpers in einer Lage locker angeordnet. Zygosporen und Sporangien nicht gesehen. Gewebe in der Mittelzone locker plectenchymatisch, oben und unten pseudoparenchymatisch. Chlamydosporen an den Enden von Hyphen gebildet. […]

Synonym of Glaziella

Type species: ?

Diagnosis: Peridium externum depresso-verruculosum (nigrum), nec non simul (rubiginoso-) tomentosum, internum sublaeve, glabrescensque. Fungi in basi aperti. Asci oviformes, 4–8spori. Episporium echinato-setulosum.

Synonym of Tuber ?

Type species: Humaria foliicola Henn. 1902

Type designated by Zhuang & Korf (1986)

Diagnosis: Ab Aleurina Massee cellulis excipuli ectalis isodiametricis, globosis vel angularibus, et non polygonaliter elongatis, parietibus cellularum exilibus et hyalinis; non rigidis et pigmentiferis differens. Ab Greletia Donadini et Smardaea Svrcek contentu cellularum excipularum brunneo, non purpureo, in speciminibus siccatis in aqua ad examinationem paratis, et apicibus paraphysium tumidis differens. Ab his generibus trbus omnibus texturis apothecialibus parum gelatinosis, et excipulo medulloso ex permixtione texturae angularis et texturae intricatae potius quam tantum ex textura intricata non gelatina consistente differens.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Current definition: Apothectum dlscoid to subturbinate, sessile to subsessile, hymenium smooth, receptacle pustulate. Excipular tissues slightly gelatinous; ectal excipulum of textura globulosa to textura angularis, cells hyaline, thin-walled, pigmentation if present only in the cytoplasm; medullary excipulum of textura angularis mixed with textura 1ntricata. Subhymenium indistinguishable. Asci operculate, 8-spored, subcylindrical, J- in Melzer''s Reagent. Ascospores ellipsoid, biguttulate, with ornamentations on the surface. Paraphyses swollen at apex, with pigmented contents.

Type species: Eoterfezia parasitica G.F. Atk. 1902

Type designated by Atkinson (1902)

Diagnosis: Fruit bodies subglobose, minute, fleshy, with a distinct but very thin, undifferentiated wall, smooth or slightly hairy. Interior of fruit body with sterile avenues radiating from the base and branching until they unite with the wall. Fertile areas lying between containing the asci intermingled with the supporting hyphae. Spores smooth, hyaline, one-celled. Interior not disintegrating into a powdery mass at maturity. At present one species as follows: […]

Family: Incertae sedis

Number of species: 2 fide DoF

Type species: Choiromyces echinulatus Trappe & Marasas 1973

Type designated by Ferdman et al. (2005)

Diagnosis: A Choiromyces sporis virgis conicis rectis obtusis, cellulis magnopere inflatis, ordiniibus DNA abhorrentibus (ad Pezizaceas, non Tuberaceas, affinis) et distributione in desertis Hemisphaerio Meridionali differt.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [3 integrated herein]

Type species: Morchella semilibera DC. 1805

Diagnosis: Nom. novum, = Mitrophora Lév.

Synonym of Morchella

Type species: Fallacidiscus helveticus U. Lindemann, Roffler & Van Vooren 2022

Type designated by Lindemann et al. (2022)

Diagnosis: Differs from Spaniodiscus fuckelii and Ramsbottomia spp. by discoid apothecia with a small marginal edge, a hairless margin, and finely warted ascospores containing polar oil droplets, as well as its genetic profile.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, apothecial, sessile, yellow-orange-coloured, with an external surface densely covered by short brown hairs and a hairless margin. Excipulum two-layered: medullary layer of textura intricata, ectal layer of textura subglobulosa/angularis. Hairs short, simple, superficial, septate, with a simple base, obtuse or slightly sharp. Asci operculate, 8-spored, narrowing toward base, arising from croziers, inamyloid. Paraphyses slender, ± enlarged at the top, containing carotenoid pigments. Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid, hyaline, thick-walled, containing small bipolar oil droplets, finely warted. Trophic status unknown. Asexual morph unknown.

Type species: Morchella caroliniana Bosc 1811

Synonym of Neogyromitra

Type species: Pseudonectria suboperculata Döbbeler & P. James 1978

Type designated by Yao & Spooner (1996)

Diagnosis: Apothecia primum clavata, demum obovoidea vel turbinata, supra applanata. Discus aurantiacus. Receptaculum cupulatum, ad basin hyphis ramosis affixum. Excipulum ectale ad basin e textura prismatica compositum, ad lateris e hyphis subparallelis septatis compositum, muris hypharum crassis gelatinosisque; hyphae ad angulum parvum ad superficiem depositi. Asci operculati, jodo non caerulescenti, clavati. Ascosporae unicellulares, hyalinae, laeves, fusoideae, guttulatae. Paraphyses filiformes, septatae, rectae vel curvatae.

Family: Incertae sedis

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia clavate at first, becoming obovoid or turbinate, flattened above. Disc orange. Receptacle cupulate, surface rough, with branched anchoring hyphae present at the base and lower receptacle. Ectal excipulum comprising textura prismatica at the base, and septate, sub-parallel hyphae above; excipular hyphae radially arranged, lying at a low angle to the surface, their walls thickened and strongly adherent. Asci operculate, iodine-negative, clavate, thin-walled. Ascospores unicellular, colourless, smooth, fusoid, often inaequilateral, guttulate. Paraphyses filiform, septate, straight or curved, flexuous.

Type species: Fischerula macrospora Mattir. 1928

Type designated by Mattirolo (1928)

Diagnosis: A Tuberaceis adhuc notis eximium hoc novum Genus, ascorum, sporarumque habitu differt, dum facies universa cum aliis fungis hypogeais (praesertim e Genere « Tuber ») plerumque convenit. Peridio irregulari, difformi, circumvoluto, contextu pseudoparenchymatico ; colore umbrino-luteo notato. Carne fuliginea, venis luteis filiformibus dispersis. Ascis amplis, membranis spissis, formam praebentibus ovatam (130 usque ad 179 micra et ultra long, secundum sporarum inclusarum numerum) basi leviter attenuatis. Sporis raro unicis; plerumque 2-3-4 in singulis ascis, magnis (50-70 long. et ultra ; 40-50 lat. et ultra); non aculeatis, nec alveolatis (uti in Genere « Tuber »); sed dense verrucosis; verrucis difformibus, irregularibus, latis ; colore saturate castaneo-badio, illum Hydnothriae quodammodo referente.

Family: Morchellaceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza phlebophora Berk. & Broome 1866

Type designated by Harmaja (1974)

Diagnosis: Genus ex ordine Pezizales, valde similis generis Otideae. Ab ea differt colore vitellino partis exterioris ascocarpi, basi venoso-foveolato vel venoso-rugoso ascocarpi, et textura dissimili partis exterioris excipuli quae solum e textura prismatica constituta sine substantia cyanophila inter parietes cellularum earum.

Synonym of Otidea

Type species: Fleischhakia rhizinoides Rabenh. 1878

Type designated by Rabenhorst (1878)

Diagnosis: Stroma ab initio expansum, crustaceo-coriaceum, laeve, superficie hymenio ceraceo ascigero tectum. Asci cylindracei subclavati paraphysibus filiformibus parcis intermixti. Sporae simplices octonae.

Synonym of Psilopezia

Type species: Octospora bulbosa Hedw. 1788

Diagnosis: = Macropodia Fuck. 1869 non (—um) R.Br* 1812 = Octospora Hedw. ex parte minima. Die Crucifere Macropodium gilt, sodass die homonyme Discomycetee anders zu benennen ist; sie sei dem Begründer dieser Gattung gewidmet. Die Arten sind nach Saccardo syll. VIII 158—160 von Macropodia übertragen [...]

Synonym of Helvella

Type species: Peziza saniosa Schrad. 1792

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Cupula sessilis, integra, lactescens

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 2 [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Coprobia pileiformis Svrček 1978

Type designated by Svrček & Moravec (1989)

Diagnosis: Carposomata parva, gregaria, usque confluentia, superficialia, absque hypothallo sed basi hyphis ferrugineo-brunneis, tenuibus, crasse tunicatis, septatis, dense connexis substrato adnata, primum subglobosa, pyriformia, apice truncata, dein pileiformia, disco convexo, hemisphaerico, immarginato, nonnumquam obtuse conico, margine undulato, granuloso, fulgide aurantiaco, subtus crasse obconica vel subcylindrica, stipitiformiter angustata, thecio sanguineo-rubro vel aurantiaco-rubro, extus minutissime granulata Excipulum externum atque medullaris textura globuloso-angularis, aurantiaco-coloratum, parte externa margineque cellulis globosis cyanophilis, ad basim pilis hyphoideis flexuosis hyalinis septatis et hyphis mycelialibus ferrugineo-brunneis instructum. Asci cylindrici, operculati, non amyloidei, octospori. Paraphyses crasse cylindricae, parte basali ramosae, sursum dilatatae, clavatae, subcapitatae vel lanceolatae, septatae, sub hyalinae. Ascosporae ellipsoideae, inaequales, intus irregulariter granulosae sed etiam biguttulatae, perisporio non separabile, verrucis cyanophilis in aequalibus ornato. Habitat saprobioticus.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Bulgaria rufa Schwein. 1832

Type designated by Korf (1957)

Diagnosis: Apothecia epixyla, plerumque magna, sessilia vel breviter stipitata, carne egregie crassa gelatinosaque, plerumque hemisphaerica vel crateriformia; sicca maxime contracta, facie plicata vel rugosa. In sectione hypothecium plerumque distinctum; excipulum medullare e textura intricata in matrice gelatinosa sita, saepe crassissimum, aliquando hypharum parallelarum zonis praeditum ; excipulum exterum e textura intricata vel ad texturam angularem vel globulosam vergens, cellulis brunneo-tunicatis, capillas gignens. Capillae brunneo-tunicatae, longae vel breves, leves vel asperae, flexuosae, specie viventes. Hymenium color pallido ad rufum vel griseo-atrum vergente, aliquando, praecipue siccum, fere atrum. Asci magni, longi, deorsum attenuati, modice crasse tunicati, suboperculati, liquore iodi haud cyanescentes. Ascosporae uniseriatae, unicellulares, magnae, punctis e materie callosa-pectica tenuibus vel crassis ornatae. Paraphyses graciles, interdum ramosae vel anastomosantes.

Family: Sarcosomataceae

Number of species: 8 fide DoF [4 integrated herein]

Type species: Genabea fragilis Tul. & C. Tul. 1845

Type designated by Tulasne & Tulasne (1845)

Diagnosis: Peridium distinctum nullum. Moles carnosa firma irregularis globosa gibberoso-tuberculosa sinuosa, quandoque hinc et illinc anguste rimosa vel pertusa, absque basi radicali, intus cuniculis gyrosis cavis, ad rimas vel aperturas externas, quarum opera aerem admittunt, pertingentibus, parce exsculpta percursa; contextu celluloso densissimo. Sporangia composita concreta et aggregata, sunt nempe nil nisi loculamenta oblonga septis tenuibus indivisis obscuris distincta, norma quadam conjuncta, quae spatia tenent propria glomerulosque efficiunt nunc globosos nune cylindricos aut reniformes huc et illuc in mole remote nidulantes nec ab ipsa solubiles, reliqua substantia sterili avenia dilutius colorata. Sporae crassae ovatae glabrae leves nitentes et quasi crustaceae, 4-6 vel pauciores in quocumque loculamento.
Genus Hydnoboliti et Geneae quodam modo affine.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [3 integrated herein]

Type species: Genea verrucosa Vittad. 1831

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: CHAR. Uterus rotundatus, difformis, tuberoso-plicatus, subcavus, apice pervius; peridium crassum, extus intusque flоссоsum vel papilloso-muricatum, hinc illinc duplicato-intrusum. Sporangia cylindracea, octospora ! in peridii parte media carnosa, transversim ac parallele disposita. Sporidia albida subrotunda.
» Obs. Uterus vix subterraneus, e peridio parum vel laxe intruso subcavus, fibrillis radicalibus corymbosis instructus, vel floccis undique cinctus, apice rima, margine spisso circumdata, in cavo uteri adaperta omatus. Sporidia opaca subechinata, seu granulis veluti adspersa.
HIST. Fungi minores, graveolentes, elengantissimi, persistentes, Tuberibus, structura quamvis simpliciori ac veluti prototypa, affines; sporangiorum vero dispositione et natura distincti. Pezizis forma, tum etiam fructificatione, etsi vere uterina, analogi.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 32 fide DoF [17 integrated herein]

Type species: Geneosperma geneosporum Rifai 1968

Type designated by Rifai (1968)

Diagnosis: Apothecia gregaria, mediocria, rubro-aurantiaca, sessilia, patelliformia, hirsuta. Pili rubro-brunnei, crasse tunicati, septati, acuminati, basi saepe appendice radiciformi aucti. Excipulum ectale ex cellulis crassis angularibus (textura angulari), excipulum medullare ex hyphis septatis compositum. Asci subcylindracei, octospori, apice jodo haud tincti. Ascospori uniseriati, hyalini, ellipsoidei, guttulati, verrucosi, utrinque appendiculati, processibus utrinque acutis lateraliter subappressis et apicibus conoideo-folliculatis. Paraphyses septatae, superne rectae, clavatae.
Hab. ad lignum putridum inter muscos in India orientali, Malesia. et Japonia.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Geniculodendron pyriforme G.A. Salt

Type designated by Salt (1974)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Deuteromycotina, Moniliales. Mycelium septatum, cum hyphis aeriis laevibus vel verrucosis; hyphae immersae, granulares, primitus incoloratae, libere anastomosantes, ramosis ad angulatum 90° patentibus, in quoque ramo cum septo versus basim. Conidiophora septata, extense ramose, cum cellulis conidiogenis, hyalinis, sympodialibus, singularibus vel verticillata ferentia. Conidia holoblastica, sicca, hyalina, aseptata, pyriformia, laevia, ad basim truncata.

Synonym of Caloscypha

Type species: Geodina guanacastensis Denison 1965

Type designated by Denison (1965)

Diagnosis: Apothecia cupularia, stipitata; stipes angustum; excipulum crassum, subereum vel coriaceum; intus filamentosum, extra membranaceum e cellulis subrectangularibus constans; hymenium pallidum vel coloratum, luteum vel rubrum; extra simile colore et pilosum; pili fasciculati ex hyphis crasse tunicatis et continuis; asci suboperculati, cylindracei, in basim sensim angustati, iodo addito non caerulei, non simul maturescentes; opercula eccentrici; sporae ellipsoideae, amplae, 1-2 guttis adfectae, costis magnopere sculptae; paraphyses tenues cylindraceaeque, septatae, in apice clavatae. Plantae terrestres, clima calido vigentes.

Family: Wynneaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecium goblet-shaped with a slender stem, thick-fleshed, corky to leathery; hymenium light-colored to bright-colored, yellow to red; exterior similarly colored, hairy; hairs fasciculate composed of thick-walled, nonseptate hyphae arising from the ectal excipulum; excipulum composed of two distinct layers, a medullary excipulum of entangled hyphae (textura intricata), and a rind-like ectal excipulum composed of more or less rectangular cells (textura prismatica to textura angularis); asci suboperculate, with eccentric opercula, cylindrical with gradually tapering bases, not turning blue in iodine, not all maturiilg simultaneously; ascospores ellipsoid, large, long, containing 1-2 large oil drops, heavily sculptured; spore sculpturing not staining readily in cotton blue, consisting of coarse, anastomosing ridges; paraphyses slender, cylindrical, septate, with subclavate apices; growing in the soil in the tropics.

Type species: Geomorium fuegianum Speg. 1922

Type designated by Spegazzini (1922)

Diagnosis: Char. Helvelleum; stipes carnoso-tenacellus albescens, sursum saepius subattenuato-rotundatus, late fistulosus, cavitate interna septis longitudinalibus plus minusve anastomosantibus corroboratus, extus verticaliter subirregulariter costulatus, in parte dimidia supera hymenio effuso arcte adnato atro-olivaceo vestitus; asci cylindracei, apice rotundati (porosi?) octospori. paraphysibus bacillaribus tenuibus sursum vix inerassatis simplicibus intus olivaceo-granulosis obvallati; sporae ellipticae, hyalinae, verrucosae.
Genus Morchellam accedens, a qua ascomatis hymeniique fabrica, trabeculis transversis deficientia, nec non sporis verrucosis recedit.

Family: Geomoriaceae

Number of species: 8 [6 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata either a modified columnar apothecium or an exothecium, 1–40 mm broad. Young ascomata typically white or pale tan but changing to brown, purple, or black as the hymenium matures. In the epigeous species, lacking hairs, outer excipulum a palisade-like layer, 50–350 μm thick, made up with isodiametric cells, 7–20 μm diam, perpendicular to the outer surface. Paraphyses typically slightly exceeding the length of asci, although paraphyses far exceed the asci in some hypogeous taxa. At maturity in some taxa paraphyses have dark granular inclusions in the apical cells. Asci cylindrical, spores uniseriate in epigeous taxa, but often irregularly uniseriate or biseriate in hypogeous taxa, lacking opercula. Ascospores typically hyaline but occasionally yellowish, ellipsoid to subglobose, and ornamented with warts that range from small in the epigeous taxa to large in the hypogeous taxa. Ectomycorrhizal, found in forests or at forest edges, fruiting on the ground in association with Nothofagaceae (South America and Australasia) or Myrtaceae (Australasia) and perhaps with other host plants. Known only from the Southern Hemisphere.

Type species: Geopora cooperi Harkn. 1885

Type designated by Harkness (1885)

Diagnosis: Subterranean. Integument woolly, continuous with the trama. Hymenium convolute. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia hyaline, oblong, smooth.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 13 fide DoF [7 integrated herein]

Type species: Geopora michaelis E. Fisch. 1898

Type designated by Trappe (1975)

Diagnosis: Ascomata subglobosa, tuberosa, lobata; cortice plerumque in glebam profunde penetrante; superficie ab initio cerea, mature fusco-purpurea; gleba purpurea, cavernis trajekta et gyrum carpta; asci cylindrici, oktospori; asci subhymeniales copiose prominentes; sporae uniseriatae, ellipsoideae, verrucosae vel echinatae papillosae; paraphyses ascos superantes.

Synonym of Hydnotrya

Type species: Peziza carbonaria Alb. & Schwein. 1805

Type designated by Korf (1972)

Diagnosis: Cupula integra, sessilis aut stipitata stipite laevi

Family: Tarzettaceae

Number of species: 7 fide DoF [7 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia discoid, cupulate to urnulate, 3–25 mm in diam, 2–18 mm high, fleshy, sessile to stipitate, stipe up to 14 mm long 6 3 mm thick. Hymenium yellow, orange, orange-red, saffron, ochraceous buff, brownish yellow; receptacle surface concolorous with hymenium or darker, smooth or with brown warts; margin raised, crenulate, cream-colored to white. Asci cylindrical, operculate, 8-spored, hyaline, base with croziers. Spores uniseriate, ellipsoid to subfusiform, hyaline, smooth, sometimes ornamented with very fine warts or low ridges, eguttulate. Paraphyses of equal width or slightly enlarged at apices, mostly straight, when fresh with yellow to orange-red granules or guttules, when dried with dense or sparse hyaline granules. Ectal excipulum of textura angularis; cells thick-walled, hyaline or with yellowish-brown walls. Medullary excipulum of textura intricata, hyphae hyaline or with amber-like resinous exudates, not dissolving or changing in KOH or MLZ.
Substrate: On burned or unburned ground.

Type species: Peziza violacea Pers. 1794

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Cupula integra, vel lobata, sessilis, extus laevi, sub-pruinosa vel farinosa

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 4 [4 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, cupulate or discoid, violet-coloured. Asci operculate, 8-spored, with the top intensely bluing in iodine solution (WTR or WT type in G. ampelina), with crozier. Paraphyses containing a brown or purple brown vacuolar pigment. Ectal excipulum of textura globulosa, with large cells. Ascospores smooth or ornamented with isolated warts, biguttulate, except in G. violacea where the drops may be visible only in young spores. Species saprobic, often growing on burnt soil.

Type species: Hydnocystis compacta Harkn. 1899

Type designated by Smith et al. (2007)

Diagnosis: A Genea sporis subglobosis globosis, peridio vinaceo et absentia caespitis basalis hypharum differt.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Glaziella vesiculosa Berk. 1880

Type designated by Berkeley, in Glaziou (1880)

Diagnosis: Stroma subglobosum laeticolor; perithecia pallida, gelatina hyalina repleta.

Family: Glaziellaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Glischroderma cinctum Fuckel

Type designated by Fuckel (1870)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Peridium hemisphaericum, tenax, persistens, demum in centro irregulariter fissum, e floccis tenuissimis contextum, furfuraceo-villosum, basi mycelio tenuissimo cinctum, sporidiis coacervatis, minutissimis, globosis, floccis destitutis repletum.
Obs. Peridium in statu juvenili siccum, album, contextu fibroso, dein in centro ampliatum, argillaceum, annulo albo e peridio juvenili represso orto circumdatum.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Helvella phlebophora Pat. & Doass., in Patouillard 1886

Type designated by Beauseigneur (1926)

Diagnosis: Ce genre que nous avons créé est très affiné aux Helvelles et aux Leptopodia ; il en a les caractères microscopiques mais il s’en distingue à première vue très facilement par son chapeau toujours régulièrement convexe et hémisphérique, jamais cupulé. Il se rapproche beaucoup des genres Acetabula et Cyathipodia.

Synonym of Helvella

Type species: Gloeocalyx bakeri Massee 1901

Type designated by Massee (1901)

Diagnosis: Ascomata subgelatinosa, sessilia, cupulata, extus reticulata, glaberrima. Asci cylindracei, apice truncati, octospori. Sporae 1-seriate, hyalinae, ellipticae, aseptatae. Paraphyses filiformes.
Allied to Bulgariella, Sacc., from which the present genus differs in having hyaline spores.

Synonym of Plectania

Type species: Peziza crocea Battarra 1755

Type designated by Adanson (1763)

Diagnosis: [Figure] Ecusson orbiculaire, appliqué par toutes la surface inférieure. [Substance] Charnuë ferme. [Graines] Sphériq. Répandues à la surface supérieure de l’écusson.

Synonym of ?

Type species: Humaria groenlandica Rostr. 1896

Type designated by Vassilkov (1969)

Diagnosis: Apothecia epigaea, рarvа, sessilia, plano-pulviпiformia, glabra, obscura, subnigra. Asci per J non coerulescentes, paraphyses per J non virescentes. Sporae late ellipticae, leves, hyalinae.
Genus Octosporae S. F. Gray em. Korf (=Humaria auct. non Fuckl.) affine, sed аЬ еа apotheciis suЬnigris (nес luteis nec aurantiacis) et paraphyses per J immutatis (пес virescentibus пес aerugiпeo-virescentibus).
Nomeп iп memoriam scrutatores vegetationes et soli Arcticae В. N. Gorodkovii, qui specimina hujus fungi iп iпsula Dixoп legit, datur.

Synonym of Pachyella

Type species: Plicaria planchonis Dunal ex Boud. 1887

Type designated by Donadini (1980)

Diagnosis: Apothecia 0,5-4 cm, substipitata vel subsessilia, cupulata, terricola vel humicola. Hymenium semper caesium vel violaceum. Excipulum concoloratum. Caro violacea. Pigmentum violaceum in omnibus fungi partibus (asci, sporae, paraphyses, caro, mycelium). Asci jodo non caerulescentes. Excipulum medullosum textura intricata compositum et ectale excipulum textura globulosa angularis constitutum. Sporae in cumulo albae saepe albolilacinae.

Family: Pyropyxidaceae

Number of species: 5

Type species: Gymnohydnotrya australiana B.C. Zhang & Minter 1989

Type designated by Zhang & Minter (1989)

Diagnosis: Ascomata subterranea, subglobosa vel irregularia, 15-25 mm diam vel dimensionis maximae respectu, lobata, parvis et conpluribus cavitatibus et canaliculis quae in superficiem sese aperiuntur, vel una cavitate induta, laevia et in fundamento quaeque cum flocculo. Peridium absens. Hymenium exteriorem totam et saepius interiorem tegens. Paraphyses cylindricae, saepius dichotome ramosae, septatae, apicibus cum liberis, rotundatis et inflatis, nil vel ascos vix superantes. Asci cylindrici, nil in iodo caerulescentes, nec dehiscentes, plurima parte octospori, sed nonnumquam cum una vel duabus ascosporis abortis. Ascosporae uniseriatae, ellipsoideae, sine colore, quadrinucleatae, cum reticulis instar fornicibus vel spinis et pariete cyanophilicis.

Synonym of Geomorium

Type species: Gyrocephalus aginnensis Pers. 1824

Type designated by Donk (1949)

Diagnosis: Pileus ? (aut capitulum) tremellosus aut subtremellosus, gyroso-sinuosus, suffultus stipite forti.

Synonym of Gyromitra

Type species: Gyrocratera ploettneriana Henn. 1899

Type designated by Hennings (1899)

Diagnosis: Tuberacearum. Ascomata carnosa, rotundata, glabra vel gyroso-lobata, laevia, apice foramine rotundato, arrhiza; gleba nune lacuna amplissima simplici excavata, nunc varie cavernosa, anfractibus labyrintheis continuis in ostium apicale simul confluentibus. Asci cylindraceo-clavati, 6—8 sporis; paraphysibus paulo superantibus, apice liberis. Sporae crassae verrucosae, brunneae, subglobosae.

Synonym of Hydnotrya

Type species: Helvella esculenta Pers. 1800

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Helvellae sp. Auctt. Discus bullato-inflatus, costis elevatis gyrosus.

Family: Discinaceae

Number of species: 18 fide DoF [10 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, stipitate; hymenophore irregularly convex to irregularly lobed or cerebriform; hymenium rugose to convoluted, orange-brown to dark red-brown to purplish; stipe cylindric, sometimes with longitudinal furrows, hollow, white to cream, brown or purple. Ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid to subfusoid, nonapiculate or with broadly rounded apiculi; surface seen as smooth with light microscopy but finely rugose under SEM at maturity; perispore cyanophilic; contents biguttulate.

Type species: Helvella sphaerospora Peck 1875

Type designated by Vassilkov (1942)

Diagnosis: Ascomate difformi, undulato, crispo, semilobato, stipiti hinc inde adnexo; stipite difformi, lacunoso; paraphysibus simplicibus, clavariaeformibus; sporis globosis.

Synonym of Pseudorhizina

Type species: Peziza retrocurvata K. Hansen & Sandal 1998

Type designated by Matočec et al. (in Yuan et al., 2020)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 2 [2 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata apothecial, solitary or often in groups, medium-sized, epigeous, centrally attached to the substrate, regularly circular to much sinuous from the top view, cupulate when young, then plate-shaped, hymenial surface reddish brown, lilac-violet, violet-brown, purplish brown to dark brown, matte, margin upright then flattened to reflexed, entire, blunt, smooth and or beset with scattered white fibrils, whitish grey or pale brownish yellow, excipular ground concolourous with the margin, finely pubescent or ornamented with reddish brown patches distributed to the basal parts. Flesh fragile, homogenous, soft waxy, dry on cut or exuding watery to milk-white latex. Hymenium arranged as a regular palisade. Asci cylindrical, hyaline, apex subtruncate, protruding above paraphysis tips at full maturity, 8-spored, base tapered, arising from croziers, operculum apical, very narrow, occupying ≤ 28% of living mature ascus diam, functional, flat lentiform before opening, encircled by slight “u”-shaped indentation in the wall, periascal amyloid mucus thin and film-like through the entire length but almost lacking on opercular lense, while the thickest at the opercular edge where is moderately euamyloid, forming unclear thin annular zone, reaction gradually decreasing in strength towards the base, with reacting area on half of the ascus length or more. Ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid with ± rounded poles, radially symmetrical, 1-celled, subglabrous or with cyanophilic verrucae, perispore cyanophilic, not loosening when heated in lactic Cotton Blue or in KOH, wall 3-layered ± thick-walled, without sheath on ejected spores; sporoplasm multiguttulate, lipid content nearly maximal with all guttules of approx. same size or 2–3 large lipid bodies mixed with many smaller ones, lipid bodies much coalesced in dead spores, uninucleate, nucleus and nucleolus not contrasted nor stained in Lugol’s solution, de Bary bubbles absent in anhydrous media. Paraphyses cylindrical, apically obtuse to subclavate, straight to bent, not branching in the upper part, embedded in hyaline epithecial exudate or only with hyaline, thin coating, apical cell contain single or few non-refractive vacuoles entirely filled with finely dispersed minute pinkish brown particles and/or partially with larger non-refractive granules of the same colour, not containing vacuolar bodies, in Lugol’s solution pigment partially turning to rusty brown colour. Marginal texture in section displaying broad outline, textura globulosa-angularis mixed with some cylindric cell chains that may protrude as scattered cylindric obtuse, thin-walled hyphoid hairs or form loose tufts; texture is not cyanophilous. Subhymenium well-discerned, composed of hyaline subgelatinous densely woven textura porrecta. Medullary and ectal excipulum of ± homogenous, subhyaline texture, except for the cortical layer. Upper part composed of textura globulosa- moniliformis mixed with cylindric very long, mostly vertically oriented hyphae. Lower part composed of textura globulosa-angularis with intermixed intricate connective hyphae, cells smaller in size towards the surface. Cortical layer composed of textura porrecta-intricata, discontinuous layer when present pustulate, cells with ochraceous walls and rusty brown patches, coiled and agglutinated together; texture is not cyanophilous.
Ecology: Saprotroph on rich soil with litter and wood residues of Abies alba, on very rotten stumps and trunks of Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, sometimes also on rich soil outside forests, fruitbodies appear in spring or autumn to winter.

Type species: Hapsidomyces venezuelensis J.C. Krug & Jeng 1984

Type designated by Krug & Jeng (1984)

Diagnosis: Apothecia dispersa, cleistohymenialia, turbinata, margine distincto, brunnea, excipulum ectale et excipulum medullare exhibentes. Asci protrudentes, operculo disciformi, iodo caerulescentes, cylindracei, flavidiores, basin versus in stipitem brevem contracti. Paraphyses filiformes, granula flavida continentes. Ascosporae unicellulares, globosae, eguttulatae, hyalinae vel pallide flavidae, reticulum et spinae exhibentes.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Hellenicoscyphus hyalotrichus U. Lindemann, Van Vooren & Kaounas 2022

Type designated by Lindemann et al. (2022)

Diagnosis: Differs from Paratricharina by its hyaline marginal hairs organised in small bundles, the lack of excipular hairs and from Tricharina by its hyaline marginal hairs, the lack of excipular hairs and its bipolar spore granules, and from both genera by its genetic profile.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, apothecial, sessile, cupuliform, light brown to ochre. Receptacle hairless. Marginal hairs organised in small bundles, superficial, septate, with a simple widened base. Excipulum two-layered: medullary layer of textura intricata, and ectal layer of textura globulosa/angularis. Asci operculate, narrowing toward base, arising from free croziers, inamyloid, 8-spored. Paraphyses slender, hyaline. Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, containing small bipolar granules. Species probably saprobic. Asexual morph unknown.

Type species: Helvella mitra L. 1753

Type designated by Dissing (1966)

Diagnosis: ELVELA pileo deflexo adnato lobato difformi. Fl. suec. 1103.
Fungoides fungiforme crispum laciniatum & varie complicatum, Mich. gen.-204. t. 96. f. 7.
Fungus autumnalis velut apex flaminis. Mentz. pug. t. 6.
Habitat in Truncis putridis.

Family: Helvellaceae

Number of species: 52 fide DoF [59 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascocarps (apothecia) in Helvella are either cupulate or capitate, subsessile or usually distinctly stipitate; when cupulate, cup deeply cupulate to saucer-shaped to discoid (planar), sometimes cup laterally compressed; when capitate, cap regularly campanulate to bi- to trilobate to irregularly saddle-shaped with cap edge free or partly attached to stipe, apothecial margin (cup margin or cap edge) recurved (deflexed) or adnate (reflexed) towards the stipe and sometimes firmly fused with it; hymenium whitish to greyish to brownish to black when fresh, receptacle surface (apothecial underside) concolorous or discoloured, glabrous or pubescent; stipe when present terete or ribbed and furrowed, inside solid or hollow or chambered. In some cupulate species the ribbed stipe becomes much reduced so that almost sessile apothecia occur. Asci are cylindrical, 8-spored, operculate, with an aporhynchous or pleurorhynchous base. Ascospores ellipsoid to ellipso-fusoid, hyaline, generally unsculptured or minutely verrucose in fully mature ascospores, containing a large central guttule when mature, tetranucleate. Paraphyses filiform, septate, not much inflated, or inflated (enlarged) at tips to a clavate or subcapitate apex.

Type species: Helvella sphaerospora Peck 1875

Type designated by Imai (1932)

Diagnosis: Genus affine Helvellae sed sporae globosae

Synonym of Pseudorhizina

Type species: Heteroplegma caeruleum Clem. 1903

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Apothecia superficialia, sessilia, carnosa, hemisphaerico-cupulata, furfuraceo-excipulata, magna; epithecium nullum; paraphyses praesentes; hypothecium percrassum, hyalinum, trilaminatum, lamina superiore et inferiore pseudoparenchymaticis, medullari hyphis parallelis intertextisque, tramitiforme; excipulum tenue, filis brevibus tomentosum. Asci octospori, cylindracei, iodo valde caerulescentes. Sporae continuae, hyalinae, ellipticae. Nomen propter hypothecium laminatum, ἕτερος, dissimilis, πλέγµα, τό, vimineum.
Est Piicaria hypothecio heteromorpho.

Synonym of Galactinia

Type species: Heydenia alpina Fresen. 1852

Type designated by Fresenius (1852)

Diagnosis: Stipes erectus eximie cellulosas, e cellulis parenchymaticis et elongatis compositus, apice extus in marginem disciformem expansus, intus in columellam elevatus, capitulo floccorum septatorum sporigerorum subgloboso ornatus. Sporae simplices concatenato-conglomeratae isthmis brevissimis conjunctae, pleurogenae.

Family: Pseudombrophilaceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Lachnea pseudoampezzana Svrček 1948

Type designated by Svrček 1969

Diagnosis: Apothecia solitaria usque gregaria, minuta, discoidea, late sessilia, disco plano, rubro-aurantiaco, margine subtiliter fimbriata, extus nigrofusco-fibrillosa. Excipulum hyphis umbrino-fuscis, longe cylindraceis, flexuosis, septatis, apice obtusis vel clavatis, constat. Medulla e hyphis angustioribus hyalinis composita. Asci cylindracei, crasse longeque stipitati, octospori, membrana non amyloidea instructi. Paraphyses crassae, septatae, apice subclavatae, rectae. Sporae obtuse ellipsoideae, guttula unica magna instructae, minute verrucosae, hyalinae.
Hab. Inter muscos humiles ad lapides.

Synonym of Octospora

Type species: Scutellinia pellita Cooke & Peck ex Kuntze 1891

Type designated by Stielow et al. (2012)

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia superficially attached to the substrate, often slightly sunken into it, without stipe, roundish when juvenile and nearly entirely closed at the apex, cupulate when mature, at full maturity with ripped edges; lobes erect when juvenile, effused when mature. Ectal excipulum (epicutis) dark yellow-orange, seldom orange-brown, pseudoparenchymatous, with angular or isodiametric, thick-walled cell agglomerates (textura angularis), cells giving rise to dark brown, thick-walled, multiple septate cylindrical finely warted setae, single or cespitose, dark brown in water and 5% KOH. Asci operculate, cylindrical, eight-spored, monoseriate. Paraphyses slender, single, septate, with gentle orange pigmentation giving rise to the colour of the hymenium, slightly thickened and bent at the tip, arranged in palisade order.

Type species: Peziza hemisphaerica F.H. Wigg. 1780

Type designated by Denison (1959)

Diagnosis: Cupulae sparsae, rarius gregariae, sessiles, carnosae, majusculae, extus margineque aut ciliatae setosaeve, aut tomentosae, aut subglabrae, rarius totae glabrae. Disco concavo, demum applanato convexove, discolori. — Asci elongato-cylindracei, 8spori. Sporidia ovata oblongove-ovata, plerumque guttulis 1—3 magnis, continua, hyalina dilutissimeve rubella. Paraphyses filiformes, variae. Plerumque terrestres.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 16 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza scutellata L. 1753

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Fruchtkörper sitzend, aussen mit büschligen oder striegligen Haaren besetzt, anfangs schüsselförmig, später flach ausgebreitet, scheibenförmig oder schwach gewölbt. Sporen ellipsoidisch.

Synonym of Scutellinia

Type species: Octospora leucoloma Hedw.

Type designated by Seaver (1927)

Diagnosis: Nom. novum = Humaria (Fr. Sacc., non Humaria Fuckel

Synonym of Octospora

Type species: Hydnobolites cerebriformis Tul. & C. Tul. 1843

Type designated by Tulasne & Tulasne (1843)

Diagnosis: Peridium vere nullum; substantia carnosa compacta similaris irregularis extus anfractuosa exarata, intus sinubus serpentinis partis, fungi ad superficiem apertis, varie pertusa; sporangia ovato-elliptica inordinate in substantia (extremae filamentorum ex quibus illa constat vesiculae auctae) nidulantia, sporas octo sphaericas reticulato-echinatas foventia. — Fungus globosus basi absorbente, mycelii fibrillis tenuissimis humo adhaerenti praeditus.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF [4 integrated herein]

Type species: Hydnocaryon fragrans Wallr. 1833

Type designated by Wallroth (1833)

Diagnosis: Pyrenium naucosum nuciforme depresso-globosum inflatum s. intus gyroso-plicatum, hypogaeum, intra tegminis subcoriacei laminas utrinque conformes, ascis folliculatis speciosis, a pariete utroque assurgentibus erectis, sporidia sphaerica seriato-connata hyalina 10-12 continentibus, veluti in pulpam gelatinosam coactis foetum.

Synonym of Genea

Type species: Hydnocystis arenaria Tul. & C. Tul. 1845

Type designated by Tulasne & Tulasne (1845)

Diagnosis: Peridium seu integumentum exterius non discretum nec separabile, crassiusculum, continuum, nusquam interruptum nec aper- tum, superne tantum in centro paulo diminutum, extusque sub-verruculosum. Cavitas interior unica vacua, hujusce paries strato gossypino denso candidissimo sicco, e fibris simplicibus mollibus tenuibus discretis liberis parallele consitis ad centrum fungi vergentibus constanti, tectus; has inter fibras illae asci lineari-oblongi obtusi deorsum abrupte angustati in filum praelongum desinentes, illae paraphyses lineares ascis intermixtis sensim longiores. Thecae sporas octo perfecte sphaericas leves pellucidas glabras in conceptaculi parte superiore dilatata seriatim ordinatas et discretas includentes nec sporas inter constrictae. Fungillus globosus arrhizus, clausus.

Family: Tarzettaceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF [4 integrated herein]

Type species: Hydnoplicata whitei Gilkey 1954

Type designated by Gilkey (1954)

Diagnosis: Ascomatibus lobatis, pucto adjunctionis myceliali destitutis; gleba plicis compactis et irregularibus, nonnumquam anastomosantibus, et fossas longas labyrinthiformesque et cubicula separantibus composita, ascis et paraphysibus in vallum ordinatis vestita; ascis cylindraceis; paraphysibus quam asci longioribus, apicibus in pseudoparenchyma intertextis; sporis uniseriatis, breve ellipsoideis.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Hydnobolites tulasnei Berk. 1844

Type designated by Berkeley & Broome (1846)

Diagnosis: Peridium nullum ; substantia carnosa compacta similis extus anfractuosa exarata, intus sinubus serpentinis magnis fungi ad superficiem apertis varie pertusa filamentis flexuosis mollibus brevibus vestitis. Asci elongati lineares obtusi substantia laxe cellulosa serie unica nidulantes, sporidia octo sphaerica reticulata sed non echinata foventes. Fungi globosi, edules.

Family: Discinaceae

Number of species: 15 fide DoF, currently 17 [9 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata hypogeous to emergent, irregularly globose to ellipsoid, irregularly lobed to convoluted; hymenophore sequestrate, a ptychothecium, internally hollow or sparsely to highly infolded and chambered; excipular surface shades of brown, glabrous to pubescent. Ascospores brown, globose to ellipsoid or rectangular, nonapiculate to apiculate, thick-walled; surface punctate to nodulose with rounded warts or echinulate at maturity; perispore cyanophilic, contents eguttulate to uniguttulate. Tissues in cross section separated into a medullary excipulum of textura intricata and ectal excipulum of textura angularis or textura prismatica.

Type species: Hydnotryopsis setchellii Gilkey 1916

Type designated by Gilkey (1916)

Diagnosis: Ascocarp subglobose, compact, more or less lobed and wrinkled, without external opening; cortex sometimes extending deeply into interior; gleba composed of minute, irregular folds, more or less joined, forming complex system of veins separating canals and chambers; hymenium of regular palisade of asci, lining walls of canals and chambers; asci cylindrical, 8-spored; spores ellipsoid, papillose.

Synonym of Sarcosphaera

Type species: Pustularia insignis Berthet & Riousset 1963

Type designated by Donadini (1985)

Diagnosis: Carposoma primum hypogea, stipitata, clausa deinde cupulata ; dein epigaea, cupulata (= concava) vel saepe recurvata-convexa ; pedunculata sed saepe sessilia ; intus hymenium laeve ; extus excipulum furfuraceum. Excipulum medullare supereum a textura intricata compositum ; excipulum medullare inferum a textura fascintricata ; excipulum ectale a textura angulari vel prismatica. Asci non jodo caerulescentes, octospori, cylindrati, operculati saepe aporynchi ; parahyses filiformes, ramosae, cum uninucleatis cellulis ; sporae ellipsoideae uni vel biguttulatae, uninucleatae, laeves vel sublaeves. Omnes cellularum nuclei giemsaphili ; cellulae majorque uninucleatae interdum binucleatae (excipulum, margo, furfuratio).

Synonym of Tarzetta

Type species: Terfezia gigantea S. Imai 1933

Type designated by Kovács et al. (2008)

Diagnosis: A Terfeziis sporis grandissimis (35–) 42–62 (–69) mm episporam includentibus, epispora amorpha 2–5 mm crassa, canales minutos, sinuosos continenti, et ordinibus DNA divergentibus differt.

Family: Morchellaceae

Number of species: 1 [3 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata globose to ellipsoid or irregular, brown, often cracked at maturity. Peridium of angular cells with thick walls. Gleba composed of brown pockets of asci separated by white veins. Spores globose to subglobose, up to 70 mm long, with a thick, amorphous epispore. DNA sequences divergent from those of Terfezia.

Type species: Peziza fusispora Berk. 1846

Type designated by Rifai (1968)

Diagnosis: Apothecia gregaria vel subcaespitosa, minuta, obconica vel discoidea, subsessilia, basi tomentosa, disco plano, lutea vel rubro-aurantiaca. Excipulum e cellulis subangularibus (textura angulari) compositum. Asci cylindracei, octospori, apice jodo non caerulescentes. Ascospori fusoidei vel fusoideo-ellipsoidei, laeves, hyalini, guttulati. Paraphyses septatae, apice subclavatae, rectae vel curvatae.
Hab. ad terram vel humosam.

Synonym of Byssonectria

Type species: Peziza linteicola W. Phillips & Plowr. 1887

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Apoth. mediocria, carnosa, fragilia, primum infundibuli-formia, dein explanata, pileata, margine deflexo, minute crenulato, centro profunde perforata, extus furfuracea, stipite crasso. As. longe cylindrici, truncati, jodo coerulei, par. simpl. fil., apice non dilatatae. Sp. monostichae, ellipticae, eguttulatae, hyalinae.

Synonym of Peziza

Type species: Iodomarcelleina obscura Sammut, P. Alvarado & Van Vooren

Type designated by Sammut et al. (2023)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, discoid, sessile, dark coloured. Flesh without latex. Asci operculate, with croziers, having a diffusely amyloid wall in iodine solution. Ascospores globose, multiguttulate, smooth. Paraphyses with an external pigment at the top. Ectal excipulum of textura globulosa/angularis. Anamorph unknown. Trophic status unknown.

Type species: Ascobolus carneus Pers. 1801

Type designated by Korf, in Kimbrough (1967)

Diagnosis: Apothecia minuta, glabra, plerumque pigmentis carotenoideis colorata; asci in iodo caerulescentes; ascospori notis calloso-pecticis ornati, bullulis vel vacuolis evidentibus aliis deficientibus; status conidioferus Oedocephali instar quoad cognitus est.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 16 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia scattered to gregarious, closed in youth, expanding, becoming plane to convex, roughened with protruding asci, 1 to 2 mm in diam, pallid to yellow or flesh-colored, glabrous; excipulum of two areas, (1) ectal of pallid to pigmented textuia angularis, (2) medullary of textura intricata; asci blued in iodine (slightly stronger at their apices), staining uniformly in congo red, 150-350 µ long, 25-40 µ wide, operculate; ascospores 1 to 2 seriate, elliptical, 8.5-25 × 16-38 µ, finely warted to large (up to 3.0 µ) tack-head markings, without deBary bubbles or other guttules; paraphyses stout, simple or forked, septate, up to 10 µ thick at the apex, with or without oil droplets or pigments. Conidial state where known belonging to the genus Oedocephalum.

Asexual morph of Oedocephalum type.

Type species: Galactinia auriformis Pat. ex Le Gal 1953

Type designated by Medel et al. (1996)

Diagnosis: A Wynnea affine differt ascis iodinos et sporae verrucosis in vittas in longitudinem porrectas confluentibus.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza gerardii Cooke 1875

Type designated by Van Vooren (2020)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 2 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, discoid or cupulate, sessile, violet-coloured. Flesh without latex. Asci operculate, 8-spored, with or without crozier, wall diffusely amyloid (W type). Paraphyses hyaline, with an external purplish brown to violet pigment located at the top. Ascospores fusoid, multiguttulate, ornamented with longitudinal striations (only seen with a high magnification). Species forming ectomycorrhizas.

Type species: Peziza pleurota W. Phillips 1887

Type designated by Clements (1909)

Diagnosis: Asci blue with iodin. Apothecia cleft on one side, ear-like

Synonym of Peziza ?

Type species: Peziza fusicarpa W.R. Gerard 1873

Type designated by Korf (1960)

Diagnosis: Apothecia patellata vel urceolata, 0.5-5(-8)cm. diam., excipulo exteriore e textura prismatica vel angulari, cellulis perpendiculariter ad apothecii faciem exteriorem elongatis. exterioribus brunneis, interioribus hyalinis vel brunneis; pilis superficialibus, brevibus, brunneis, vel in specie una absentibus; hyphae basaleres abundantes, subhyalinae, humi granula amplectentes et pseudostipitem isto modo efficientes; asci operculati, octospori, apicibus in Iodo non caerulescentibus; ascosporae grandae, hyalinae, primum biguttulatae deinde non guttulatae, verrucis minutis vel grandis ornatae. In humo et residuis vegetabilium. Holotypus : Peziza fusicarpa Gerard.

Family: Pyropyxidaceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF [3 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia discoid to deep cupulate, 0.5-8 cm. diam.; ectal excipulum composed of cells elongated perpendicularly to the outer surface of the apothecium, outermost cells brown-walled, inner cells hyaline or brown; hairs absent, or if present superficial, short, brown; basal hyphae abundant, nearly hyaline, enmeshing particles of soil to form a pseudostipe or cushion; asci operculate, 8-spored, J-; ascospores large, hyaline, biguttulate in youth, non-guttulate at maturity, marked with small to large warts. On soil and duff.

Type species: Rhizina ferruginea W. Phillips ex Cooke 1888

Type designated by Rifai (1968)

Diagnosis: Apothecia gregaria, cupuliformia, denique discoidea, sessilia vel subsessilia, minuta vel mediocria, brunnea, extra verrucosa, basi tomentosa. Excipulum ectale e cellulis angularibus (textura prismatica vel textura angulari, interdum textura globulosa), excipulum medullare ex hyphis gracilibus septatis (textura intricata) compositum. Asci cylindracei, apice jodo haud tincti, octospori. Ascospori uniseriati, ellipsoidei, hyalini, juventute biguttulati, tuberculati vel verrucosi. Paraphyses ad apicem non septatae, rectae, brunneae, subclavatae vel subcapitatae.
Hab. ad terram humosam vel sabulosam.

Synonym of Aleurina

Type species: Tuber pfeilii Henn. 1897

Type designated by Ferdman et al. (2005)

Diagnosis: A Terfezia sporis spinis minutissimis dense congestis, ordiniibus DNA abhorrentibus, distributione in Hemisphaerio Meridionali differt.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Kalapuya brunnea M.J. Trappe, Trappe & Bonito 2010

Type designated by Trappe et al. (2010)

Diagnosis: Ascomata hypogaea, stereothecia, subglobosa. Peridium porphyreum vel brunneum, verrucosum, verrucis fissuris tenuibus separatis. Gleba solida, albida, contextu fertili griseo-brunneo maculato. Asci ellipsoidei vel globosi. Sporae ellipsoideae, laeves, juventute hyalinae, maturitate succineae.

Family: Morchellaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Caloscypha incarnata Duvernoy & Maire 1917

Type designated by Pfister et al. (2013)

Family: Caloscyphaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecial ascomata up to 16 mm diam, hymenium pink, salmon to yellow-cream, often with a short stipe. Outer surface granulose or furfuraceous. Ascospores globose, guttulate. Asci 8-spored, inamyloid, operculate, often with gelatinous granules on the outside. Paraphyses septate, branched only slightly enlarged at the apex, vacuoles and cytoplasm with pigments. Medullary excipulum of several layers of globose to angular cells. Ectal excipulum of globose angular cells arranged in parallel rows, some of the outer cells giving rise to hyaline, often encrusted hairs. Occurring on soil and plant debris around Eucalyptus spp.

Type species: Karstenella vernalis Harmaja 1969

Type designated by Harmaja (1969)

Diagnosis: Genus Discomycetum, verisimiliter ex ordine Pezizales. Ascocarpus tenuissimus, omnino stricte ad substratum appressus (haud apothecium sensu stricto), probabiliter gymnocarpus. Sporae unicellulatae, satis tenuitunicatae, in KOH hyalinae, in solutione Melzeri subflavidae, in «Cotton Blue« in acido lactico cyanophiloidae. Asci eutunicati, unitunicati, operculati, satis tenuitunicati, tunica ad apicem ejusdem crassitudinis, cylindracei, octospori, in solutione Melzeri haud caerulescentes, sporas per ascostoma leniter obliquum ejectant. Paraphyses recti, simplices, filiformes, in solutione Melzeri haud colorescentes. Excipulum omnino e textura intricata. Subiculum (?) e hyphis tenuibus intricatis, hypharum excipuli dissimilibus.

Family: Karstenellaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascocarp very thin, totally tightly appressed at the substrate (not being a true apothecium), its development probably gymnocarpic. Spores one-celled, rather thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, slightly yellowish in Melzer''s, blue in Cotton Blue (Methyl Blue) in lactic acid. Asci with persistent wall of the unitunicate type, discharging their spores with a puff, operculate, rather thin-walled, apex not differentiated, cylindrical, eight-spored, not blueing with Melzer''s. Excipulum throughout composed of more or less interwoven, filamentous hyphae (textura intricata). Subiculum (?) composed of interwoven, filamentous hyphae of other kind than those of the excipulum.

Type species: Kimbropezia campestris Korf & W.Y. Zhuang 1991

Type designated by Korf & Zhuang (1991)

Diagnosis: Ab Peziza structura cyanophilica lentiformi intra parietem operculi asci inclusa differens

Synonym of Peziza

Type species: Plectania chudei Pat. ex Le Gal 1953

Type designated by Pfister (1989)

Diagnosis: Apothecia parva, minus quam 1 cm diam., plana vel concava; lutea, crocea, vel rubri. Ascis 8-sporis, parietibus crassis. Ascosporis ellipsoideis, eguttulatis vel multiguttulatis. Excipulum medullare e textura intricata; excipulum exterum e textura angulare vel texturam globulosam vergens. Paraphyses filiformes.
In foliis, seminibus, vel lignis tropicarum.

Family: Sarcoscyphaceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF [3 integrated herein]

Type species: Korfiella karnika D.C. Pant & V.P. Tewari 1970

Type designated by Pant & Tewari (1970)

Diagnosis: Apothecia coriacea, auriculata, externo excipulo porphyreo brunneo, hymenio-atro. Asci iodo haud tincti; ascosporae hyalinae, ovales vel ellipticae, uni vel biguttulatae; paraphyses simplices vel ramosae, anastomosantes, hyalinae, apice inflato vel angusto stricto.

Family: Sarcosomataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Peziza deformis P. Karst. 1867

Type designated by Svrček (1969)

Diagnosis: Apothecia solitaria usque gregaria, minuta, breviter cylindracea, basi late sessilia, molliter carnosa, aurantiaca, disco plano, anguste marginato, extus nuda, basi hyphis hyalinis instructa sed absque hypothallo typico. Excipulum textura globuloso-angulosa, hyphis marginalibus brevibus, clavatis. Medulla intermixta, plerumque e hyphis utriculosis, irregularibus constat. Hypothecium e cellulis parvis, subglobosis. Asci cylindracei, octospori, membrana non amyloidea. Paraphyses crassae,. apice dilatatae, pigmento aurantiaco impletae. Sporae obtuse ellipsoideae, hyalinae, intus dense granulosae vel minute guttulatae, laeves, membrana subincrassata instructae.
Hab. Ad terram udam.

Synonym of Byssonectria

Type species: Kumanasamuha sundara P. Rag. Rao & D. Rao 1964

Type designated by Rao & Rao (1964)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Coloniae fusce brunneae e floccosis lanuginosae, irregulares, patentes ad quosdam cm in substrato. Mycelium repens fusce brunneum, ramosum, separatum, producens conidiophora. Conidiophora simplicia vel ramosa, erecta, septata, fusce brunnea in parte basali, pallidiora ad apices, parietibus pulchre verrucosis. Rami laterales cylindrici breves continui, parietibus crassis praediti, fusce brunnei emergunt singulariter e conidiophoris vulgo prope septum vel intercalariter. Cellulae sporogenae urceolatae vel lageniformes emergunt e ramis lateralibus acervatae, brunneae, verrucosae, rotundae in parte inferiore, apicaliter rostratae et hyalinae. Conidia exciduntur e rostro hyalino, ovalia vel rotunda, continua, pallide brunnea vel nigra, muricata vel spinosa, catenata, sed efformantia catenas nec longas nec ramosas.

Family: Chorioactidaceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF

Type species: Labyrinthomyces steenisii Boedijn 1939

Family: Tuberaceae

Number of species: 7 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascocarps hypogeous with a brown tomentose peridium. Gleba with prominent, labyrinthine, mostly hollow chambers that do not open to the surface. Asci cylindric, long-stipitate, mostly 8-spored. Paraphyses much shorter than asci. Spores globose, hyaline, smooth in youth, at maturity ornamented with rounded, irregular warts.

Type species: Peziza scutellata L.

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Fries (1822): CHAR. Velum discretum, distincte viilosum l. pilosum, persistens, unde cupula setosa l. hirta, junior semper clausa. Substantia ceracea, firma, exceptis paucis carnosis ob velum huc relatis. Hymenium distinctum, concretum.

Synonym of Scutellinia

Type species: Lamprospora miniata P. Crouan & H. Crouan ex De Not. 1864

Type designated by De Notaris (1863)

Diagnosis: Ascomata exigua, scutellata, sessilia, basi filamentis tenuissimis hyalinis radicantia, extus papillosa, disco planiuscula, tenuiter marginata. Excipulum crassiusculum, cellulis stratosis periphericis coloratis, intimis cum hypothalamicis hyalinis laxioribus. Asci copiosissimi, conferti, e basi tenuata cylindracei leptodermi, 8-spori. Paraphyses filiformes, apice colorato, nonnihil incrassatæ. Sporidia hyalina, sphæroidea, 8/500. mm. Diametro æquantia, episporio elegantissime reticulato, areolis hexagonis prædita. Sulla terra, tra i muschi, nelle pasture di Val Intrasca, autunno 1862, rara.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 46 fide DoF [29 integrated herein]

Type species: Lasiobolidium spirale Malloch & Cain 1971

Type designated by Malloch & Cain (1971)

Diagnosis: Ascogonia convoluta. Ascocarpae subglobosae vel globosae, luteo-brunneae, appendiculatae, nonostiolatae. Asci irregulariter dispositi, cum agoli, octospori, evanescentes, nonstipitati vel brevi stipitati, nonamyloidei. Ascosporae ellipsoideae, unicellares, hyalinae, laeves, sine pora. Conidia ignota.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 7 fide DoF [6 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata cleistothecial or apothecial, small, sessile, subglobose, slightly cupuliform or discoid, whitish, pale greyish or yellow-brown, with an external surface covered by brown hairs. Margin hairy on the apothecial species. Ectal excipulum of textura globulosa/angularis. Hairs ± superficial or deeply rooted, septate, with a simple base, sometimes multifurcate, long, upward-pointing, straight or helically coiled. Asci operculate, narrowing toward base, arising from croziers, inamyloid, 4- or 8-spored. Ascospores ellipsoid, hyaline, eguttulate, but sometimes containing small granules usually disappearing in mature ascospores, smooth or verrucose with isolated warts. Species saprobic, coprophilous or not. Asexual morph unknown.

Type species: Peziza equina O.F. Müll. 1778

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Lasiobolus Sacc. (Ascophanus Boud. p. p.) Ascomata scutellato-cupulata, distincte setosa. Asci et sporidia Ascophani.

Family: Ascodesmidaceae

Number of species: 11 fide DoF [5 integrated herein]

Type species: Lasiocupulina mediterranea Van Vooren & M. Vega 2018

Type designated by Van Vooren & Vega (2018)

Diagnosis: Differs from Cupulina by the presence of a hairy margin and its molecular data.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Lathraeodiscus arcticus Dissing & Sivertsen 1989

Type designated by Dissing & Sivertsen (1989)

Diagnosis: Carposomata parva, sessilia, disciformia, marginata, extra glabra vel furfuracea, omnino fuscida purpureo vel vinaceo affecta. Excipulum exterius tenue, e cellulis hyphoidibus formatum ad marginem versus claviformibus, contento cinereo-violaceo, homogeneo vel granulari. Excipulum medullare e cellulis globularibus vel angulatis formatum. Subhymenium manifestum. Asci operculati, cylindrici, non amyloides, contento pallide cinereo-violaceo, ad bases elongati, pleurorhynchi. Paraphyses rectae, septatae, ramificatae, contento cinereo-violaceo, homogeneo vel granulari. Ascosporae uniseriatae, ellipsoides, guttulas singulas continentes, colore nullo, ornamento cyanophilo.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza lobata Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1868

Type designated by Rifai (1988)

Diagnosis: Apothecia gregaria, mediocria, sessilia, denique discoidea, disco caerulescentes, extra tomentosa ex pilis hyalinis septatis composita. Excipulum ectale e cellulis angularibus (textura angularis), excipulum medullare ex hyphis septatis (textura intricata) compositum. Asci cylindracei, apice operculati jodo haud tincti, octospori. Ascospori uniseriati, hyalini, globosi, ornati, uniguttulati. Paraphyses septatae, rectae, filiformes.

Family: Pulvinulaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza badia Pers. 1800

Type designated by Van Vooren (2020)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 7 [4 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, cupulate or discoid, sessile, dark coloured (brown, reddish brown, olivaceous brown, purplish brown, blackish purple). Flesh without coloured latex, but sometimes with a watery juice. Asci operculate, 8-spored, with crozier, wall diffusely bluing in an iodine solution, more or less intensely at the top (WT type). Paraphyses containing a brownish or olive-brown vacuolar pigment, and often showing an external brown pigment at the top. Ascospores biguttulate, sometimes with an oil drop larger than the other, more rarely uniguttulate, ornamented with irregular warts, but often with elongated warts or crests, sometimes forming a network or an incomplete reticulum. Ectal excipulum of textura globulosa/angularis, with large cells. Species saprobic or ectomycorrhizal.

Type species: Peziza hispida Quél. 1879

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Réceptacles sensiblement pédiculés ou obconiques, à squames triangulaires submembraneuses. Spores elliptiques, sans sporidioles.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Leporina multispora Velen. 1947

Type designated by Velenovský (1947)

Diagnosis: Corpusculo globoso, parenchymatoso insidet discus solitarius ascis obtuse clavatis et paraphysibus numerosis filiformibus, apice falcatis et cum ascis cohaerentibus constans, sine excipulo. Asci jodo lutei, multispori, sporae violasceae, laeves, ellipticae, eguttulatae. Genus ex affinitate Anserinae et Zukalinae.

Synonym of Coprotus

Type species: Leptopeza fuscobadia G.H. Otth 1871 (= Plicaria trachycarpa (Curr.) Boud.)

Type designated by Otth (1871)

Diagnosis: Disciformis, integra, dein biloba, duobus locis oppositis profunde incisa, tenuis, nullo subiculo interposito, matrici arcte applicata, margine homogeneo. Discus ascigerus impolitus, crustula tenerrima grumosa obductus fuscobadius, intus dilutior, aquoso-mollis et fragilis. Excipulum nullum. Asci magni, cylindrici, basi breviuscule attenuati, apice rotundato-obtusi, in parte superiori sporas foventes octonas, vel passim pauciores uniseriatas, deorsum vacui. Sporae globosae, decolores, circiter 13 micromm. latae ; episporio crassiusculo et verruculis fere echiniformibus stipatissimis exasperato. Paraphyses rarae, teretes, apice clavatae, ascos vix superantes.

Synonym of Plicaria

Type species: Helvella elastica Bull. 1785

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Réceptacles infléchis de plusieurs côtés sur le stipe, entiers ou profondément lobés, à bords libres ou soudés par places au pédicule. Spores elliptiques avec une grosse sporidiole centrale accompagnée de quelques granulations plus petites à chaque extrémité. Réceptacles entiers ou à peine lobés, pédicule relativement grêle.

Synonym of Helvella

Type species: Lespiaultinia requienii Zobel 1854 (= Terfezia oligosperma Tul. & C. Tul.)

Type designated by Zobel (in Corda, 1854)

Diagnosis: Peridium verum deficit, fungi superficies velutino-tomentosa. Asci oblongi, incurvati, subreniformes.

Synonym of Tuber

Type species: Leucangium ophthalmosporum Quél. 1883

Type designated by Quélet (1883)

Diagnosis: Peridium globuleux (0m,03–4), mince, inséparable, finement grenelé, souvent crevassé, couvert de fins poils soyeux et bruns, surtout en dessous, châtain, puis d''un beau noir mat. Glèbe charnue, ferme, grenue (celluleuse à la loupe), blanc-crème, violette extérieurement, réticulée de blanc et pointillée. Thèque globuleuse à 6 spores (rarement 4 ou 8). Spore oculiforme (0mm,06-8), ocellée, faiblement chagrinée, olivâtre. Odeur de melon. (pl. XII, fig. 2.)

Family: Morchellaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [5 integrated herein]

Type species: Octospora leucoloma Hedw.

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Cupulae sparsae, subminutae, carnosae, sessiles subsessilesve, extus flocculosae parce pilosae glabraeve. Disco plano, sed plerumque convexo, marginato. Asci elongati, octospori. Sporidia ellipsoidea vel oblongo-lanceolata, plerumque majuscule guttulata, continua. Paraphyses variae adsunt.
Meist Bewohner von Mosen, seltner von Blättchen und nackter Erde.

Synonym of Octospora

Type species: Leucopezis excipulata Clem. 1909

Type designated by Clements (1909)

Diagnosis: Apothecia uniformly bright-hairy [Neottiopezis eciliata]

Synonym of Octospora ?

Type species: Peziza leucotricha Alb. & Schwein. 1805

Type designated by Le Gal (1957)

Diagnosis: Poils blancs, spores verruqueuses ou réticulées.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 10 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Terfezia gennadii Chatin 1896

Type designated by Trappe et al. (1993)

Diagnosis: A Tuber loculis casis necnon ascis stipitato-ellipsoides vel clavatis in hymeniis differt.

Synonym of Tuber

Type species: Lotinia verna Pérez-Butrón, Fernández-Vicente & P. Alvarado 2015

Type designated by Pérez-Butrón et al. (2015)

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata discoidal, brownish, with the external surface covered with flexuose hairs from the base to the top. Ectal excipulum arranged as a textura prismatica. Asci 8-spored, operculate, not amyloid. Ascospores smooth, not guttulated, globose to ellipsoid.

Type species: Luciotrichus lasioboloides R. Galán & Raitv. 1995

Type designated by Galán & Raitviir (1995)

Diagnosis: Apothecia sessilia, turbinata vel cupulata, pallide colorata, extus longe rigidipilosa. Pili hyalini, conici, valde crasso-tunicati, multiseptati. Asci operculati, cylindraceo-clavati, inamyloidei, octospori. Sporae ellipsoideae vel late ellipsoideae, non guttulatae, aliquando "de Bary bubble" praeditae, verrucosae. Paraphyses filiformes, apicibus rectis vel subcurvatis.
Mycoarctium Jain & Cain similis, ascis operculatis differt.

Family: Ascodesmidaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Luteoamylascus aculeatus Cabero, P. Alvarado & G. Moreno 2016

Type designated by Cabero et al. (2016)

Diagnosis: A combination of smooth peridium, amyloid asci, and globose spores ornamented with large spines. Genetic profile differs from all other sequenced, described Pezizaceae

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Lycogala torrendii Bres. 1909

Type designated by Torrend (1913)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Sessilis, basi fertili; sporae ellipticae, pedicello destitutae; gleba roseta.

Synonym of Ostracoderma ?

Type species: Peziza macropus Pers. 1796

Type designated by Fuckel (1870)

Diagnosis: Cupulae magnae, sparsae, carnosae, plano-hemisphaericae, abrupte longe stipitatae, totae hirto-pulverulentae, disco vix discolori. Asci longissimi, cylindracei, 8spori. Sporidia in asci superiori parte oblique monosticha, ovato-ellipsoidea, uniguttulata, hyalina, laevia, continua. Paraphyses filiformes adsunt. Terrestres autumnalesque.

Synonym of Helvella

Type species: Peziza macropus Pers. 1796

Type designated by Rifai (1968)

Diagnosis: Long-funnel. Thallus cuplike, soft, cellular, rather fibrous ; surface scaly or slightly bristly ; sporidia with 6 or 8 sporae in each, in a single row.

Synonym of Helvella

Type species: Peziza howsei Roze & Boud. 1880

Type designated by Van Vooren (2020)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 7 [7 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, cupulate or discoid, sessile, with pale mauve, purple or violet colours. Flesh without latex. Asci operculate, 8-spored, with crozier, wall diffusely amyloid in an iodine solution except at the top where the reaction is intense and forms a ring (WTR type). Paraphyses containing a brown vacuolar pigment. Ascospores biguttulate, ornamented with isolated, rounded warts, more rarely with irregular and coalescent warts. Ectal excipulum of textura globulosa with medium-sized to large cells. Species saprobic.

Type species: Ascobolus persoonii P. Crouan & H. Crouan 1867

Type designated by Brummelen (1967)

Diagnosis: Apothecia sessilia, interdum ad basin paullo constricta, terricola. Receptaculum carnosum, molle, sat parvum, demum expansum. Discus e piano convexus, violaceus, brunneo-violaceus, brunnescens aut nigrescens, pigmento carotenoideo miniato aut rubro destitutus. Asci cylindracei, operculati, pariete iodo non caerulescente. Ascosporae globulosae, ornatae aut laeves. Paraphyses tenues, apice incrassatae saepe curvatae vel curvulae.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 9 fide DoF [5 integrated herein]

Type species: Choiromyces terfezioides Mattir. 1888

Type designated by Fischer (in Engler & Prantl, 1938)

Diagnosis: Ascomata subglobosa, basi propria destituta, carnosa. Integumentum a mole interiore non distincte delimitatum. Pulpa fertilis venis pseudoparenchymaticis anastomosantibus in massulas plus minus irregulariter rotundatas asciferas divisa. Asci elongati octospori. Sporae imperfecte biseriatae, globosae, hyalinae vel pallideluteae, reticulatae, in angulis reticuli saepe mucronatae. — Vergl. S. 39.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Helvella gigas Krombh. 1834

Type designated by Herter (1950)

Diagnosis: Sporae fusiformes, apicibus verruca ornatae, asperae vel subtilissime irregulariter reticulatae, 30-45 micra long., guttula magna centrali et saepius duabus minoribus polaribus praeditae.

Family: Discinaceae

Number of species: 13 [6 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, substipitate to stipitate; hymenophore cupulate to discoid or convex and lobed, saddle-shaped or cerebriform; hymenium yellow-ochre, buff, yellow–brown, brown, or reddish-brown; stipe broadly cylindric, irregular, or fluted, chambered, white to yellow–brown. Ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid to fusoid, apiculus broadly rounded or blunt, sometimes knobbed; surface rugulose to somewhat reticulate at maturity; perispore cyanophilic; contents uni- or triguttulate.

Type species: Peziza melaena Fr. 1822

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Thèques très longues et très grêles, à base flexueuse pénétrant dans le parenchyme; paraphyses souvent très rameuses (Longithèques). Espèces à hyménium d’un beau noir; paraphyses à ramifications moins pointues. Espèces glabres, pédiculées. Spores rondes.

Synonym of Pseudoplectania

Type species: Humaria miniata Fuckel

Type designated by Seaver (1928)

Diagnosis: Poils courts et obtus; spores avec ou sans sporidioles. Spores à deux sporidioles ou gouttelettes. Espèces terrestres ou carbonicoles; couleur rouge ou orangée. Espèces à spores réticulées ; terrestres.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 14 fide DoF [5 integrated herein]

Type species: Humariella pseudotrechispora J. Schröt. 1893

Type designated by Svrček (1949)

Diagnosis: Apotheda sessilia, primum globoso-inclusa, dein late patellaria, molliter carnosa, laete colorata, extus margineque longe stricte pilosa, setis Iongis, rigidis, fuscis, acutis, septatis, tenuiter vel crasse tuncatis ornata. Excipulum pseudoparenchymatosum, coloratum. Asci cylindrici, apice rotundati, IIK-, octospori. Paraphysia filiformia, septata, apice incrassata, subhyalina vel laete colorata, recta. Sporae ellipsoideae, hyalinae, unicellulares, dense reticuIatae, monostichae; ocella reticuli 5–6 angulata. Ad terram humidam.

Synonym of Scutellinia

Type species: Microeurotium albidum Ghatak 1936

Type designated by Ghatak (1936)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Mycelium bene evolutum, septatum. Cleistothecia minuta. Peridium tenue, laeve, hyalinum. Asci solitarii. Sporidia 2 vel ∞. Conidia non vidi.

Family: Incertae sedis

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Micronematobotrys verrucosus Xiang Sun & L.D. Guo 2010

Type designated by Sun & Guo (2010)

Anamorphic genus.

Family: Pyropyxidaceae

Number of species: 1

Current definition: Conidiophores micronematous, pale brown, smooth or with ornamentation, unbranched. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, polyblastic, integrated, intercalary, hyaline to pale brown, inflated laterally, thin-walled, minute denticulate. Conidia solitary, simple, pale brown, verrucose to capitate, 1-celled, ellipsoidal, obovoid, clavate, straight or slight curved, base truncate, apex obtuse, eguttulate.

Type species: Microstoma hiemale Bernstein 1852

Type designated by Bernstein (1852)

Diagnosis: Cupula subglobosa, ostiolo exiguo poriformi, demum lacero-dehiscens l. dilabens, rhizomali insidens. Asci immersi, paraphysibus tenuibus subramosis succo colorato repletis interstincti.

Family: Sarcoscyphaceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF [6 integrated herein]

Type species: Midotis lingua Fr. 1828

Type designated by Fries (1828)

Diagnosis: CHAR. Hymenium inferum ! laevissimum (exsiccatione rimosum) a pileo discretum et separabile. Asci immersi, longi. ‭— Receptaculum carlilagineum, forma omnino peculiari distinctum.
Obs. Forma longe aurita Midae aures in mentem revocavit indeque nomen desumsi. Hymenium Pezizarum quarundam, v. c. P. vesiculosae, simile, sed ob hymenium inferum ad Auricularinos referenda.

Family: Helvellaceae

Number of species: 2 [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza lecithina Cooke 1876

Type designated by Svrček (1972)

Diagnosis: Apothecia haud magna late sessilia, subdisciformia, crasse carnosa, marginata, extus margineque subglabra, basi solum hyphis affixa. Excipulum textura globulosa, e cellulis globosis, maioribus, tenuiter tunicatis, pigmente aurantiaco impletis, margine parteque exteriore cum hyphis cylindraceoclavatis. Asci tenuiter tunicati, operculati, cylindracei, octospori, membrana non amyloidea. Paraphyses rectae, copiosae, simplices, apice subclavatae, pigmento aurantiaco impletae, vi iodi virescentes. Ascosporae ellipsoideae, tenuiter tunicatae, hyalinae, guttulatae, verrucosae, verrucis cynophilis. Lignicola, hygrophila.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Asexual morph of Actinosporella type.

Type species: Morchella semilibera DC. 1805

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Receptaculum carnosum conicum vel campanulatum alveolatum, stipitatum, e medio ad marginem a stipite discretum. Thecæ cylindricæ, octosporæ paraphysibus filiformibus immixtæ. Sporæ ovatæ continuæ.

Synonym of Morchella

Type species: Molliardiomyces coccineus Paden 1984

Type designated by Paden (1984)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Conidiophora recta ad repentia vel submersa, brevia ad usque 500 µm longa, simplicia vel irregulariter ramosa, hyalinia, laevia, proliferantia sympodice; conidiis blasticis, laevibus, inseptatis, hyalinis vel subluteis, subglobosis, ellipsoidis, oblongatis, obovatis, ad basim truncatis vel rotundatis, in mucilaginosis massulis accumulantibus.

Synonym of Sarcoscypha

Type species: Monascella botryosa Guarro & Arx 1986

Type designated by Guarro & Arx (1986)

Diagnosis: Mycelium expandum, ex hyphis septatis, dilute ochraceis vel hyalinis; ascomata ex ascogoniis clavatis et antheridiis spiralibus oriunda, superficialis, discreta vel confluentia, nuda, 80–160 µm; paries basilis ex hyphis hyalines vel brunneis composita; asci botryosi, clavati vel saccati, stipitati, unitunicati, inoperculati, octosporibus, 30–42 × 14–17 µm; ascosporae ellipsoideae, glabrae, hyalinae, biguttulatae, 9–11 × 6–7 µm; paraphyses nullae; anamorphosis ignota, conidia absunt.

Family: Otideaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Helvella conformis Pers. 1822

Type designated by Kuntze (1898)

Diagnosis: Chapeau hémisphériq. [Substance] Charnuë. [Graines] Sphér. à la surface inférieure du chapeau.

Synonym of Verpa

Type species: Humaria calospora Quél. 1885

Type designated by Benkert (1987)

Diagnosis: Apothecia minuta, sessilia, paulum immersa, primo globosa clausa deinde cupuliformia, margine sterile pallida et denticulata. Hymenio rubro-aurantia. Excipulum textura angularis compositum, margine textura porrecta compositum. Asci cylindracei, octospori, apice jodo non caerulescentes. Ascospori ellipsoidei, hyalini, juvente multi guttulati, deinde non guttulati, sed ex de Barry guttulatis, reticulati, sine apiculatis. Paraphyses septatae, rectae vel non multum curvatae, apice subclavatae et aurantiaceae coloratae.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Phallus esculentus L. 1753

Type designated by Persoon (1794)

Diagnosis: Pileo conico reticulato-lacunoso.

Family: Morchellaceae

Number of species: 36 fide DoF [35 integrated herein]

Type species: Phallus esculentus L.

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Peridium ovatum vel lanceolatum, costis elevatis reticulato-cellulosum, in alveolis hymenio vestitum, carnosum. Stipes crassus, cavus. Spora ellipsoidea, hyalina. Terrestres.

Synonym of Morchella

Type species: Muciturbo reticulatus P.H.B. Talbot 1989

Type designated by Warcup & Talbot 1989

Diagnosis: Apothecia parva, hypogaea, superne hemisphaerica vel lenticulato-turbinata, infra compressa vel concava, saepe per acumen centrale obconicum affixa vel demum vel demum excavata, laevia vel lobata, initio firma et albida demum violaceo-lilacina vel atrobrunnea, hymenio supra superficiem externam. Excipulum medullosum e textura globulosa vel textura angulari. Asci e pedo oriundo immaturi breviter amyloidei ascosporis in turma irregulari prope apicem, maturi subcylindrici parietibus tenuis et omnino non amyloidei, evidenter sine structura apicale dehiscentia consociata, deliquescentes ubi maturi ut sporas liberarent, plerumque ascosporis 8, rare minus. Ascosporae uniseriatae uninucleatae, sphaericae, hyalinae, tum violaceo-lilacinae, demum atrobrunneae vel atrae, semper ornatae, haud amyloideae. Paraphyses hyalinae vel pallido-stramineae, sparsim ramosae ad basim et interdum omnino per longitudinem totam, ad apices leviter parvae, tenuitunicatae vel tunicis gelatinosis crassis, septis frequentibus, extensae super ascis ut epithecium formarent, gelatinescentes et demum deliquescentes in muco qui ascosporas tolleret.

Synonym of Ruhlandiella

Type species: Mukagomyces hiromichii S. Imai 1940

Type designated by Imai (1940)

Diagnosis: Ascomata subglobosa vel ierrgulariter globosa, glabra; cortice distincto, in glebam breviter penetranto; gleba leviter vena badia; venae externae nullae; venae internae albae, labyrinthyforme ramosae; asci irregulariter positi, subglobosi, oblongi vel ellipsoidei, breviter stipitati subsellilesve, 2-4- (raro 1 vel 5-) spori; sporae oblongae vel ellipsoideae, brunneolae, alveolatae.

Synonym of Tuber

Type species: Clelandia arenacea Trappe 1979

Type designated by Trappe (1979) under the generic illegitimate name Clelandia.

Diagnosis: Ascocarpia exsiccata ± 2 cm in diam, profunde sulcata. Peridium glabrum, pallide fulvum, arena adherenti velatum. Gleba loculis vacuis labyrinthinis, hymeniis limitatis. Asci cylindrici vel saccati, octospori, valde amyloidei. Sporae late ellipsoideae vel subglobosae, 10-12 × 8-10 µm in diam, dispersae, inferiores quam asci. Holotypus: ADW 15885.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF

Type species: Didymium parietinum Schrad. 1797

Type designated by Saccardo (1884)

Diagnosis: ‭(Etym. myces fungus et gala lac). ‭— Perithecia subsuperficialia subcarbonacea, fragilia, astoma, mox inordinate dehiscentia, nucleo pallescente. Sporulae globulosae, continuae, hyalino-flavae, basidiis nullis vel obsoletis. ‭— Genus habitu Anixicae, ad interim hic locatum, sed maxime desciscens. Contextus perithecii distincte parenchymaticus ‭; ergo a Myxomycetibus, quibus fungillus referri solebat, abhorrens.

Synonym of Orbicula

Type species: Mycogalopsis retinospora Gjurašin 1925

Type designated by Gjurašin (1925)

Diagnosis: Document

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza hemisphaerica F.H. Wigg. 1780

Type designated by Maire (1937)

Diagnosis: Nom. novum, = Lachnea Boud., nom. illeg.

Synonym of Humaria

Type species: Myrmecocystis cerebriformis Harkn. 1899

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Fungus minute, irregular, lobed or gibbous, verrucose; gleba chambered by an irregularly stellate cavity not communicating with the exterior; asci subglobose or somewhat elongate, 8-spored; spores rough.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 5 [3 integrated herein]

Type species: Nannfeldtiella aggregata Eckblad 1968

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Apothecia terrestria, sessilia, cupulata, demum expansa, extus obscura, pilis flexuosis, hyalinis, septatis minute tomentosa; excipulum duplex, strato exteriore textura globulosa, interiore textura intricata constructo; hymenium obscurum. Asci cylindrici, operculati, octospori, non-amyloidei. Sporae ellipsoideae, hyalinae, ornamento ruguloso, irregulari, non calloso-pectico instructae, guttulatae. Paraphyses filiformes, rectae, septatae.

Synonym of Pseudombrophila

Type species: Cookeina tetraspora Seaver 1925

Type designated by Denison (1972)

Diagnosis: Apothecia cupularia vel patellaria, stipitata vel sessilia, modica vel minuta, 1-10 mm lata ; excipulum carnosum vel coriaceum; duobus stratis compositum, strato interiore filamentosa, strato exteriore membranaceum e cellulis subrectangularibus constans ; hymenium pallidum vel coloratum, luteum vel rubrum ; extra simile colore, glabrescente ; asci suboperculati, cylindracei, in basim sensim angustati, non simul maturescentes ; opercula eccentrici ; sporae ellipsoideae vel leviter curvatae, subcymbiformae, laeves, 1-2 guttis adfectae ; paraphyses tenues cylindraceaque, septatae. Plantae ad ramulos et folia marcida, clima calido vigentes.

Family: Sarcoscyphaceae

Number of species: 10 fide DoF [4 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia small, less than 1 cm broad, cup-shaped to discoid or subturbinate, substipitate to stipitate or sessile, centrally attached, less frequently eccentric; texture firm-fleshy to leathery when fresh, brittle and corky when dry; stipe, where present, similar in color and texture to the cup, slender; hymenium concave to discoid, usually some shade of orange but varying from yellow to red, often translucent; exterior whitish or yellowish, glabrous to glabrescent, becoming strongly wrinkled when dry; ectal excipulum sharply differentiated from the medullary excipulum, textura angularis to textura epidermoidea consisting of several layers of large, 5-30 µ, pseudoparenchymatous cells with their long axes perpendicular to the exterior, sometimes with the outermost layer of cells smaller, 1-5 µ, and with thickened walls; medullary excipulum well developed, 40-200 µ or more thick, textura intricata; asci suboperculate with a lateral operculum, iodine negative, less than 300 µ long, maturing seriatim, cylindrical to clavate with a long tapered, and often crooked, base, 4-spored or with a mixture of 8-, 6-, and 4-spored asci; ascospores mostly unequal-sided ellipsoidal (ellipsoidal and symmetrical in N. macrospora), smooth, containing two conspicuous oil drops; paraphyses filiform to subclavate, not anastomosing to form a network about the asci. On leaves, twigs, and small fragments of wood in the tropics.

Asexual morph of Mollardiomyces type.

Type species: Daleomyces gardneri Setch. 1924

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Synonym of Daleomyces

Type species: Morchella caroliniana Bosc 1811

Type designated by Imai (1932)

Diagnosis: Genus affine Helvellae sed sporae magnae, subfusiformae, apiculatae et sculpturae.

Family: Discinaceae

Number of species: 5 [5 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, substipitate to stipitate; hymenophore cupulate to discoid or convex and irregularly lobed to cerebriform; hymenium rugose, orange-brown to red-brown or purple-brown; stipe broadly cylindric, fluted, or lacunose, white. Ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid to subfusoid, with multiple, prominent, blunt apiculi; surface with a coarse, regular, widely-spaced reticulum at maturity; perispore cyanophilic; contents uniguttulate or triguttulate.

Type species: Peziza albocincta Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1875

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Cooke Mycogr. p. 261, ex max. parte [1879] (Etym. neottia nidus). — Ascoma sessile, patellare v. cupulatum, carnosum, sat minutum, pilis tenuibus hyalinis albo-tomentosum ; discolaete colorato vel albido. Asci cylindracei, octospori, paraphysati. Sporidia ellipsoidea v. oblonga, hyalina. — Pyromemati affinis.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 13 fide DoF [5 integrated herein]

Type species: Neottiopezis macrospora Clem. 1903

Type designated by Clements (1903)

Diagnosis: Nom. novum [Pro Neottiella Cooke, nomine hybrido : πέζις, ή, fungus sessilis]

Synonym of Neottiella ?

Type species: Neournula nordmanensis Paden & Tylutki 1969

Type designated by Paden & Tylutki (1969)

Diagnosis: Apothecia stipitata, urceolata vel cupularia; margo crenata vel stellata; hymenium pallidum vel purpureum; externa pallida subbrunnea vel brunnea-purpurea; excipulum medullare e textura intricata; excipulum exterius e textura angulari; pili breves; asci suboperculati, cylindracei, in basim obtusi, in iodo non caerulei, non simul maturescentes; opercula eccentrica: ascosporae ellipsoideae vel oblongateae, verrucoseae, hyalineae; paraphyses tenues, ramosae, anastomosantes

Family: Chorioactidaceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia stipitate, thin-fleshed, leathery, urceolate to goblet-shaped; margin crenate to stellate; hymenium light colored to dull purplish; exterior pale brown to purplish brown; asci suboperculate, cylindrical, with blunt, occasionally lobed bases, connected to the hypothecium by a narrow hypha, not maturing simultaneously, not bluing in iodine; opercula eccentric; ascospores elliptical or oblong, hyaline, at first smooth, becoming verrucose, the ornamentation staining in heated cotton blue; paraphyses narrow, branched, septate, anastomosing ; medullary excipulum of textura intricata, without an evident gelatinous layer; ectal excipulum of textura angularis, the outermost cells giving rise to short, scattered hairs consisting of individual hyphae.

Type species: Nothoamylascus erubescens Healy & M.E. Sm. 2023

Type designated by Healy et al. (2023)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1

Current definition: Ascoma a ptychothecium, hypogeous. Excipulum composed of textura angularis or textura globulosa, with large isodiametric to ovoid cells, intermixed with oleiferous hyphae. Gleba composed of asci and paraphyses in a palisade. Asci cylindrical, evenly amyloid in Melzer’s reagent. Ascospores globose, ornamented with truncated spines. Mitotic spore mats in small clusters, epigeous on soil or hypogeous, white with pinkish brown areas, spore mass pink when young but yellow at maturity, mitotic spores nearly smooth to minutely warted, globose to subglobose.

Type species: Nothojafnea cryptotricha Rifai 1968

Type designated by Rifai (1968)

Diagnosis: Apothecia gregaria, minuta vel mediocria, brunnea, subsessilia, cupulata, extra hirsuta. Pili rigidi, hyalini, crasse tunicati, septati. Excipulum ectale e cellulis angularibus (textura angulari), excipulum medullare ex hyphis septatis compositum. Asci cylindracei, octospori, apice jodo non caerulescentes. Ascospori ellipsoidei, hyalini, minute verrucosi, guttulati. Paraphyses septatae, apice incrassatae, brunneae. Hab. ad terram.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Ochotrichobolus polysporus Kimbr. & Korf 1983

Type designated by Kimbrough & Korf (1983)

Diagnosis: Differing from Lasiobolus by septate hairs, from Trichobolus by operculate asci, and from both genera by having hairs present only at the margin and by forming buttresses at the bases of the hairs.

Family: Ascodesmidaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Helvella sphaerospora Peck 1875

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Pileo ascomatis maximo, campanulato, lobato, cerebriformi, cavo, libero. Stipite crasso, cavo, lacunoso-venoso. Ascis cylindraceis, obtusis, par. simpl. filif., apice incrassatis. Sporis perfecte globosis, hyalinis, laevibus, eguttulatis, minoribus.
Genus proximam Gyromitrae, sed sporis globosis, eguttulatis, stipite lacunoso diversum. Hactenus duas species continens, unam americanam (O. sphaerosporam Peck), alteram europaeam (O. Gabretae Kavina). O. sphaerospora ab autors in paludosis silvaticis Indianlake Amer. bor. Indicator. Seaver: Vermont to Wisconsin and Manitoba.

Synonym of Pseudorhizina

Type species: Octospora leucoloma Hedw. 1788

Type designated by Korf (1954)

Diagnosis: Truncus simplicissimus, superficie terminatus fertili concava, plan, reflexa: de qua eriguntur, Thecae seminales membranulosae, elongatae, numerosissimae, utplurimum stupa filamentosa cinctae; utrisque inter se non cohaerentibus, seminibus octo foetae

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 84 fide DoF [40 integrated herein]

Type species: Nectria jungermanniarum P. Crouan & H. Crouan 1867

Type designated by Döbbeler (1980)

Diagnosis: Ascocarpia circa 300-500 µm longa, ovoidea ad paene doliiformia, dilute flavida vel aurantiaca, glabra aut setifera, orificio parvo. Paries ascocarpiorum cellulis irregularibus magnisque. Paraphyses filiformes. Asci operculati, plerumque cylindracei vel claviformes, (4-)8spori; J–. Sporae usque ad 40 µm longae et 14 µm latae; unicellulares, ellipsoideae, incoloratae, episporio laevi vel aspero, guttis munitae. Hyphae crassae et crassitunicatae, non coloratae, superficialiter crescentes, appressoriis characteristicis haustoriisque praeditae.
Habitat parasitice in Hepaticis foliaceis.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 7 fide DoF [7 integrated herein]

Type species: Humaria nicolai Maire 1926

Type designated by Lindemann & Vega (2014)

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 2 [2 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia 2-7 mm in diameter, sessile, at first more or less obconical, later becoming disc-shaped. Hymenium pale yellow, salmon pink to orange. Margin at first slightly bulged, later more or less membranous, with hyaline hairs; the flanks of the apothecium also covered with hairs. Asci 8-spored, operculate, not amyloid, base pleurorhynchous. Ascospores hyaline, broadly ellipsoid to broadly subfusoid, at maturity thin-walled, with minute refractive light brownish droplets, mostly binucleate, later becoming thick-walled and droplets accumulating in the centre. Paraphyses filiform, apically more or less swollen, terminal cell with faintly to distinctly yellowish homogeneous content. Excipulum two-layered: medullary excipulum of textura intricata/subepidermoidea, composed of thin-walled hyaline cells; ectal excipulum as textura globulosa/angularis, composed of hyaline, thick-walled, isodiametric cells. Hairs hyaline, thick-walled, walls one-layered, multi-septate.

Type species: Oedocephalum elegans Preuss 1851

Type designated by Preuss (1851)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Hyphasma repens, septatum; stipes erectus, septatus, simplex, supra capitulo homogeneo vesicaeformi ornatus et sporidifero. Sporae simplices, capitulo subradiatim insertae; nucleo farcto.

Family: Incertae sedis

Number of species: 9 fide DoF

Type species: Tuber nitidum Vittad. 1831

Type designated by ?

Diagnosis: Episporium laeve (i. c. non faveolato-alatum), ast muricatum aut echinatum.

Synonym of Tuber

Type species: Orbicula cyclospora Cooke 1871

Type designated by Cooke (1871)

Diagnosis: Perithecia between membranaceous and carbonaceous, reticulated, seated on a distinct mycelium; ostiolum obsolete; asci cylindrical; sporidia subglobose, hyaline or coloured; paraphyses simple or branched (Fig. 401.)

Family: Pseudombrophilaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Ornithascus corvinus Velen.

Type designated by Velenovský (1934)

Synonym of Saccobolus

Type species: Ostracoderma institale Fr. 1825

Type designated by Fries (1825)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Peridium rotundato-complanatum, crustaceum, fragile, glabrum, in medio denudatum. Sporidia coacervata. Thallus nullus. Terrestria. Flocci nulli.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF

Type species: Peziza onotica Pers. 1801

Type designated by Korf (1972)

Diagnosis: Cupula uno latere incisa saepius convoluta aut in formam auricularem producta, sessilis.

Family: Otideaceae

Number of species: 23 fide DoF [37 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia small to large, 3–75 mm high, 4–80 mm wide, often in fascicles or caespitose, epigeous, cup- to ear-shaped and split to the base on one side, less often entire, stipitate or not; or hypogeous and enclosed. Hymenium white, yellow, ochre, brown, almost black, often with pink stains. Receptacle surface concolorous or with similar colours as hymenium, sometimes with purplish, greenish or bluish tones, with conical to broadly conical warts or pustules, less often smooth or furfuraceous, concolorous or darker than the background. Base of the apothecium tomentose, mycelium white, ochre, yellow, orange or brown, extending out in the substrate, base ribbed-veined in a few species. Spores uniseriate, ellipsoid, oblong or fusoid, typically with 2 guttules, sometimes with a few smaller granules, smooth (or verruculose in SEM), rarely spinose or with low ridges, with de Bary bubbles in MLZ and Cotton Blue when dried, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, hyaline to very pale brown. Paraphyses typically curved to hooked, rarely straight, sometimes with notches or swollen at the apices, septate, typically containing refractive small guttules at the apices, fading in colour and collapsed when dried. Asci cylindrical, operculate, 8-spored, 116–275 × 8–19 μm, with pleurorhynchous base. Subhymenium c. 100–150 μm thick, of dense textura intricata, hyphae sometimes swollen, often with scattered pigmented exudates at septa. Medullary excipulum 400–1500 μm thick, of textura intricata, hyphae cylindrical to slightly swollen, thin-walled to thick-walled, hyaline to pale brown, often with pigmented resinous exudates at septa. Ectal excipulum 70–150 μm thick, of textura angularis, less often of textura prismatica. Surface with warts up to 180 μm high, formed by fasciculate, short hyphoid hairs of globose to elongated cells, or of textura globulosa-angularis with single hyphoid hairs. Resinous exudates often present on the surface, yellow to dark brown, sometimes dissolving in MLZ, turning reddish or into brownish yellow amber drops, sometimes changing colour in KOH. Basal mycelium of septate, straight hyphae, that frequently branch and anastomose, turning yellow or not in KOH, often covered with pigmented, small, resinous exudates.

Type species: Peziza fulgens Pers. 1822

Type designated by Saccardo (1889)

Diagnosis: (Etym. ab Otidea, cui proximum genus), Pseudoplectania Fuck. ex p. — Ascoma carnosum, inaequaliter campanulatum, uno latere elongatum, laeticolor. Asci cylindracei, tenues, octospori. Sporidia perfecte sphaerica, hyalina. Paraphyses bacillares, simplices. — Genus Caloscypha Boud. Class. Disc. p. 15, huc spectaret, sed nota typica paraphysium ramosarum in Otidella deest.

Synonym of Caloscypha

Type species: Otideopsis yunnanensis B. Liu & J.Z. Cao 1987

Type designated by Liu & Cao (1987)

Synonym of Otidea

Type species: Lamprospora crechqueraultii var. paludosa Dennis 1956

Type designated by Yao & Spooner (1996)

Diagnosis: Apothecia solitaria vel gregaria, albida, in sicco brunneola, primum cylindrica demum ovoidea vel obovoidea vel globosa. Discus valde convexus, laevis. Receptaculum emarginatum, glabrum, ad basin angustatum. Excipulum e textura globulosa compositum; muri cellularum tenues; cellulae marginem versus elongatiusculae vel clavatae. Asci operculati, cylindrici, I-. Ascosporae unicellulares, vel subglobosae, spinis ornatae. Paraphyses filiformes, septatae.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia solitary or gregarious, whitish when fresh, brownish-orange to brown after draying; cylindric at fist, becoming ovoid or obovoid to almost globose. Disc strongly convex, smooth. Receptacle emarginate, deeply cupulate, outer surface glabrous, attached to the substratum at a narrow base. Excipulum a textura globulosa, cells thin-walied, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, marginal cells slightly elongate or clavate. Asci operculate, cylindric, I-. Ascospores unicellular, colourless, globose to subglobose, ornamented with spines. Paraphyses filiform, flexuous.

Type species: Peziza barlaeana Bres. 1898

Type designated by Le Gal (1953)

Diagnosis: Le réceptacle est toujours épais, peu cupuliforme et plutôt étalé chez les grandes espèces, en coussinet chez les petites. Les thèques sont octospores et bleuissant très légèrement chez plusieurs espèces et pas sensiblement chez d''autres. Les spores sont largement ellipsoïdes, avec deux sporidioles accompagnées de granulations nombreuses. Ce sont des Champignons terrestres ou poussant sur les bois pourris. Les spores ressemblent à celles des Sarcosphaera ; l''aspect général est celui des Plicaria dont ils se distinguent par les spores elliptiques.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 19 fide DoF [5 integrated herein]

Type species: Pachyphloeus ligericus Tul. & C. Tul. 1851

Type designated by Zobel, in Corda (1854)

Diagnosis: Episporium muricatum.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 11 fide DoF [14 integrated herein]

Type species: Choiromyces melanoxanthus Tul. & C. Tul. ex Berk. 1844

Type designated by Tulasne & Tulasne (1845)

Diagnosis: Stratum corticale peridii vices gerens crassum celluloso-carnosum, extus minute obtuseque verrucosum, apicem versus diminutum aut saepius foramine circulari lato crasse obtuseque marginato rimave tomento peculiari occlusis pervium, nec non et basi absorbenti minutissima non producta suberadicata instructum. Moles interior carnosa molliuscula venis primum marmorata, tandem subuniformis et unicolor; venarum natura duplex, aliae nempe pallidae ab initio coloratae et latiores saepissime et praecipue apicem versus demum hiantes et excavatae, e variis uteri partibus ad ostium vel fungi culmen rimosum confluentes, aerem videlicet admittum vehentes, aliae contra ex inferiore strati corticali facie in plantae infimis enatae, venis alteris intermediis obscuriores, utrinque sporangia gignentes. Sporangia ideo venas steriles vertice spectantia, oblonga lagenaeformia breviter pedicellata simplici plerumque serie ordinata. Sporae octo reticulato-echinatae sphaericae in quoviscunque conceptaculo inordinate nascentes.

Synonym of Pachyphlodes

Type species: Discina melaleuca Bres. 1898

Type designated by Benedix (1969)

Family: Incertae sedis

Number of species: 1

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, sessile or substipitate; hymenophore cupulate to discoid, dark brown to black; stipe up to 1 cm long and wide, white, fluted. Ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid, nonapiculate, slightly thickened at ends; surface warty to coarsely rugose; perispore cyanophilic; contents triguttulate.

Type species: Paradoxa monospora Mattir. 1935

Type designated by Mattirolo (1935)

Diagnosis: Fungus minutus, irregulariter globosus, magnitudine pisi, colore umbrino-fuligineo cum luteis repercussionibus. Ob minimam suam molem difficulter visibilis. Caro fuliginea, venis gyrosis minutissimis intersecta. Ascis monosporis (rarissime bisporis), inagnis 60-100 × 50-60 µ, p. elliptico-rotundatis. Sporis globosis reticulato-alveolatis,magnis, 50-60 µ diam., colore castaneo lateritio, reticulis nigris evidentissimis notatis.
Genus adhuc monotypum ab omnibus Tuberaceis differt sporarum forma, quapropter facile distinguendum.
Habitat in sylvis fagineis, in montibus Larii Lacus ad pagos: Lemna, Pallanza, Molina, hodie Faggeto Lario.
Specimina descripta in Hydnophylacio meo apud R. Hortum Botanicum Universitatis Taurinensis adservantur.

Family: Tuberaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Peziza succosa Berk. 1841

Type designated by Van Vooren (2020)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 10 [9 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata hypogeous or epigeous; apothecial species sessile and cupulate. Flesh producing watery latex, becoming yellowsih, greenish or bluish in air. Asci operculate, 8-spored, mainly without crozier, wall weakly bluing in contact with an iodine solution, a little more intensely at the top (WT type). Paraphyses containing a brownish vacuolar pigment. Medullary excipulum containing laticiferous hyphae. Ectal excipulum of textura globulosa, with large cells. Ascospores uni- or biguttulate, warted. Species forming ectomycorrhizas.

Type species: Helvella infula Schaeff. 1774

Type designated by Wang et al. (2023)

Family: Discinaceae

Number of species: 8

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, stipitate; hymenophore saddle-shaped, cerebriform, or irregularly lobed, yellow–brown, reddish brown, dark brown, or purple; stipe subcylindric, sometimes with longitudinal furrows, hollow, yellow–brown to light brown or purple. Ascospores hyaline, narrowly ellipsoid, ellipsoid, or fusoid, nonapiculate or infrequently with broadly rounded apiculi; surface smooth to rugulose at maturity; perispore cyanophilic; contents biguttulate.

Type species: Paramitra ochreoides Benedix 1962

Type designated by Benedix (1962)

Diagnosis: Genus adhuc monotypicum, forma ascomatum – i. e. stipite crateri-formi lateraliter profunde inciso – Otideis simillimum, sed pileo lobato-deflexo Helvellalibus appropinquatum atque ascis amyIoideis vel pseudoamyloideis sporisque obtuso-ellipsoideis eguttulatis etiam Aleuriis affine; ceterum specie unica bene definitum: Paramitra ochreoides Benedix nov. spec. [...]

Synonym of Peziza

Type species: Anthracobia rehmii Brumm. 1984

Type designated by Van Vooren & Valade (2023)

Diagnosis: Differs from Anthracobia by the presence of true excipular and marginal hairs, pluriguttulate ascospores and absence of carotenoid pigments

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, apothecial, sessile, slightly cupuliform, disciform to discoid, whitish, pale greyish, orangish or ochre-brown, with an external surface covered by small brown hairs. Excipulum two-layered: medullary layer of textura intricata and ectal layer of textura globulosa/angularis. Hairs ± superficial, septate, with a simple base, short, straight. Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid or fusoid, hyaline, guttulate, smooth. Asci operculate, narrowing toward base, arising from croziers, inamyloid, 8-spored. Paraphyses without carotenoid pigments. Species saprobic, on burnt substrates. Asexual morph unknown.

Type species: Paraplectania queenslandica Y.P. Tan & Dearnaley 2025

Type designated by Tan & Dearnaley (2025)

Diagnosis: Sequence from the rDNA describe Paraplectania queenslandica, and is available under the accession PV061660 (ITS). Paraplectania queenslandica differs from Pseudoplectania nigrella (type specimen KL BK 4914) by sequence comparison of the ITS region NR_120216; Identities 232/253 (92%), three gaps (1%); unique nucleotide at positions 347(A), 350(A), 356(T), 357(T), 369(A), 371(C), 377(T), 384(A), 507(T), 533(C), 544(A), 547(G), 552(A), 561(C), 562(A), 563(C), 574(A), 575(T)). Paraplectania queenslandica differs from Ps. tasmanica (type specimen MCVE 27583) by sequence comparison of the ITS region NR_156570; Identities 228/250 (91%), eight gaps (3%); unique nucleotide at positions 376(A), 377(T), 386(T), 507(T), 533(C), 550(C), 563(C), 565(T), 574(A), 575(T), 587(G), 589(A), 590(A), 593(A)). Specimen examined: Australia, Queensland, Gowrie Junction, endophyte of Geijera salicifolia (Rutaceae), 5 Oct. 2015, J.D.W. Dearnaley (holotype BRIP 64034a permanently preserved in a metabolically inactive state).

Family: Sarcosomataceae

Number of species: 1

Type species: Lachnea violacea Velen. 1934

Type designated by Svrček (1975)

Diagnosis: Genus Scutelliniae (Cooke) Lamb, emend. Le Gal similis, sed pilis parte basali non radicantibus, non furcatis, e cellulis superficialibus excipuli orientibus, discrepat. Sporae guttulatae, tunica laevi.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Lachnea poiraultii Boud. 1900

Type designated by Van Vooren et al. (2015)

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 3 [3 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia about 10–20 mm in diameter or less, sessile, slightly cupulate with inrolled margin, expanded when old; outer surface covered by dense brown-red hairs, sometimes appressed and/or forming distinct pustules, but mostly straight and projecting outwards. Subhymenium thin, of textura intricata. Medullary excipulum of textura intricata, with thin-walled hyphae. Ectal excipulum of vertically oriented textura prismatica, with thin-walled cells, becoming a textura globulosa/subangularis in the outermost part, then with thick-walled brownish cells. Hairs more or less thick-walled, pale brown, more or less sinuous, septate, obtuse or pointed, with a simple base arising from the globose cells of the outer layer of the ectal excipulum. Asci cylindrical, with forked base, arising from perforated croziers, inamyloid, 8-spored. Paraphyses cylindrical, rounded and slightly enlarged at the apex, with spumous compound KOH soluble content, without reaction in Lugol’s solution. Ascospores ellipsoid, hyaline, appearing eguttulate (in dead state) but with small polar aggregations of minute lipid bodies rapidly coalesced into two small polar guttules (in living state), more or less thick-walled, smooth observed in water and Cotton Blue, but with a rough to finely verrucose perispore if mounted in Lugol’s solution, entirely encapsulated by a delicate persistent sheath. Base of apothecia covered by hyaline anchoring hyphae.

Type species: Paratrichophaea macrocystis Trigaux 1985

Type designated by Trigaux (1985)

Diagnosis: Apothecium disciforme ; ectus pilis acutis, fuscis crassitunicatis, septabis, basibus ramosis alte, radicantibus vestitus ; hymenium planum, album ; excipulum ectale in parte inferiore "textura globulosa-angulari", parte superiore "textura prismatica" ; excipulum medullare "textura intricata" ; asci operculati, non amyloidei ; ascosporae hyalinae, ellipso-fusoidae, laeves, eguttultae.
Ad lignum decorticatum.

Synonym of Lasiobolidium

Type species: Parawilcoxina inexpectata Valencia, Van Vooren & M. Vega 2021

Type designated by Van Vooren et al. (2021)

Diagnosis: Differs from Wilcoxina by the presence of vacuolar bodies in paraphyses, its saprobic status, and its genetic profile.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, apothecial, sessile, slightly cupuliform, disciform to discoid, whitish to pale greyish, with an external surface covered by small brown hairs. Excipulum two-layered: medullary layer of textura intricata and ectal layer of textura globulosa/angularis. Hairs superficial, straight, septate, with a simple base, sometimes arising from a chain of rounded cells. Ascospores uniseriate or irregularly biseriate, ellipsoid to narrow ellipsoid, hyaline, guttulate, smooth. Asci operculate, narrowing toward base, arising from croziers, inamyloid, 8-spored. Paraphyses containing vacuolar bodies. Species saprobic. Asexual morph unknown.

Type species: Patella ciliata F.H. Wigg. 1780

Type designated by Korf & Schumacher (1986)

Diagnosis: Fungus sessilis, carnosus, planiusculus, superne glaber.

Synonym of Scutellinia

Type species: Paurocotylis pila Berk. 1855

Type designated by Berkeley (1855)

Diagnosis: Peridium simplex, durum, tenue; gleba floccosa, sinubus paucis magnis flexuosis percursa, sporas magnas globosas pedicellatas e superficie proferentibus. — Genus Lycoperdineum Arachnio affine, Glomo quodam modo quod ad sporas attinet analogon. (Name from παυρος, few, and κοτυλη, a cavity.)

Family: Tarzettaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [5 integrated herein]

Type species: Acetabula vulgaris Fuckel

Type designated by Kuntze (1891)

Diagnosis: Nom. novum, = Acetabula Fuckel

Synonym of Helvella

Type species: Pelodiscus piliseta Clem. 1901

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Ascoma minute, superficial, sessile, carnose, cupulate, at length disciform or explanate, pilose without, but not ciliate at the margin; asci cylindrical, 4–8-spored, paraphysate; spores ellipsoid or oblong, hyaline.
Pelodiscus agrees with Humaria and Scutellinia in having the ascoma superficial, while in Sepultaria and in Sarcosphaera it is at first hypogaeous. It agrees with Sepultaria in being simply tomentose or lanose without, in which it differs from the smooth Humaria and the ciliate-tomentose Scutellinia.

Synonym of Scutellinia

Type species: Peltidium oocardii Kalchbr. 1862

Type designated by Kalchbrenner (1862)

Diagnosis: Hygrobium, disciforme, carneo gelatinosum, basi plana substrato arcte adnatum, innatumve, hymenio plus minus pulvinato hypothecium tenue, mucoso-gelalinosum omnino obtegente. Asci cylindrici octospori, sporae magnae, ellipticae, hyalinae, simplices, limbatae demum celluloso-dyblastae.

Synonym of Adelphella

Type species: Perilachnea hemisphaerioides (Mouton) Van Vooren 2021

Type designated by Van Vooren et al. (2021)

Diagnosis: Differs from Trichophaea s. str. by deeply cupulate apothecia (at least in young state), mainly with a Humaria-like appearance, bi- or pluriguttulate ascospores, paraphyses containing small oil bodies, a saprobic status, and genetic profile.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 6 [6 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, apothecial, sessile, deeply cupuliform or discoid, whitish, yellowish or orange, with an external surface covered by sparse brown hairs. Margin hairy. Excipulum two-layered: medullary layer of textura intricata and ectal layer of textura globulosa/angularis. Hairs superficial, septate, with a simple base. Asci operculate, narrowing toward base, arising from croziers, inamyloid, 8-spored. Paraphyses slender, containing small oil bodies. Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid, hyaline, bi- or pluriguttulate, smooth or very finely dotted. Species saprobic of the litter and woody debris of conifers or on enriched or burnt soil. Asexual morph unknown but germinating ascospores observed in P. hemisphaerioides and P. flavobrunnea.

Type species: Hydnocystis thwaitesii Berk. & Broome 1873

Type designated by Fischer (in Engler & Prantl, 1938)

Diagnosis: Ascomata epigaea, basi substrato inserta, primum regulariter cupuliformia, serius depresso-globosa vel irregularia et apice late aperta (Pezizae semiapertae similia), alba vel badia. Paries tenuis, interna facie hymenio tectus. Asci cylindracei, octospori. Sporae ellipsoideae, uniseriatae, hyalinae, laeves. Paraphyses ascos superantes, apicibus corticem pseudoparenchymaticum (epithecium) formantes. — Vergl. S. 15.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza vesiculosa Bull. 1790

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Fungoides Tournef. J. R. H. p. 564. Fungoid. cava. Mich. gen. p. 205. Peziza. Dill. gen. p. 74. Ellvellae spec. Gled Schaeff. &c. Terana, Pezica, Trombetta. Adons. Octospora, Hedw. Musc. II. p. 4. Patella. Weber. Encoelia Hill. Pezizae spec. Pers. syn. p. 631. Nees Syst. p. 254.
CHAR. Receptaculum marginatum, cupulaeforme, primo sabelausum, mox expansum, epidermide tenui contigua. Hymenium laeve, persistens, distinctum. Asci ampli, distincti, fixi, sporidia elastice ejicienda includentes, parapbysibus immixtis. — Cupula centro adfixa, passim stipitata, libere evoluta, plus minus cava, demum passim planiuscula, disco polito (nec villoso l. pulveraceo) discolori. Velum universale, sed non distinctum & saepe nullum. Substantia carnose-membranacea l. ceracea.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 104 fide DoF [36 integrated herein]

Asexual morph of Chromelosporium, Oedocephalum type.

Type species: Pfistera pyrophila Korf & W.Y. Zhuang 1991

Type designated by Korf & Zhuang (1991)

Diagnosis: Ab Pezizalibus aliis (praeter Ascozonus) asci tholo apicale gaudentibus pariete valde tenui munito, ab Ascozono habitu non coprophilo et apotheciis multo magis grandioribus et complexe fabricatis differens.

Synonym of Peziza

Type species: Phaeangium lefebvrei Pat. 1894

Type designated by Patouillard (1894)

Diagnosis: Le genre Phaeangium est voisin des Picoa et Leucangium d’une part, et du Tirmania, d’autre part ; il diffère des deux premiers par son péridium dépourvu de verrues (de plus, le Picoa a des spores rondes et le Leucangium des spores mucronées à chaque extrémité) ; il diffère du Tirmania par son péridium coloré en brun et villeux, et par sa chair plus dure et complétement homogène.

Synonym of Picoa

Type species: Peziza epispartia Berk. & Broome 1873

Type designated by Le Gal (1953)

Diagnosis: Receptaculis parva vel mediocri statura, laetis coloribus, ex aurantiacis rubrisve flavis, disciformibus, ± stipitatis, postremo maxime expansis, e tapete mycelioso, e citrino luteo ortis. Sporis parvis vel minimis, laevibus, ellipsoideis, cylindratis vel subglobosis, saepe asymmetris, Thecis suboperculatis. Paraphysibus crassis et paucis. Carne tenera, cellulis filamentosis, latis, turgidis segmentis mixtis. Facie externa receptaculorum plerumque pulverulenta.

Synonym of Acervus

Type species: Phaeomacropus fleischerianus Henn. 1899

Type designated by Hennings (in Warburg, 1899)

Diagnosis: Ascoma carnosum, cupulatum, stipitatum extus tomento-asperatum, disco fusco-brunneo. Asci cylindraceo-clavati, paraphysati, octospori. Sporae ellipsoideae hyalinae dein brunneae, verrucosae. Macropodia Fuck. affin. sed sporis coloratis, verrucosus diversus.

Synonym of ? Helvella

Type species: Peziza apiculata Cooke 1875

Type designated by Vido (1879)

Diagnosis: Est Geoscypha sporidiis apiculatis fuscisque instructa.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 5 [6 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous or hypogeous; apothecial species sessile and discoid. Asci operculate, 8-spored, with crozier, wall diffusely bluing in an iodine solution (WT type). Paraphyses diffusely coloured (olivaceous brown), with also a brownish external pigment on the top article. Ascospores containing numerous small polar granules, ornamented with isolated warts and with polar apiculi, hyaline becoming brown with age. Excipulum of textura globulosa, with small to medium-sized cells. Species forming ectomycorrhizas.

Type species: Phallus esculentus L.

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: [Figure] Chapeau id. concave & lisse en dessous. [Substance] Charnuë. [Graines] Sphériq. à la surface extérieure des mailles du réseau.

Synonym of Morchella

Type species: Phillipsia domingensis Berk. 1881

Type designated by Denison (1969)

Diagnosis: Contextus lentus, cupulae amplae disciformes marginatae, hymenium semper apertum.

Family: Sarcoscyphaceae

Number of species: 17 fide DoF [5 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia solitary, scattered, or in clusters, small to large, (0.1–)0.2–8.0(–10) cm broad, sessile. substipitate. or stipitate, centrally attached or eccentric, rarely lateral, discoid to slightly concave or convex, occasionally bowl-shaped or funnel-shaped, thick-fleshed, rarely thin-fleshed; texture firm-fleshy to rubbery, becoming corky when dry; stipe, where present, usually stout, not sharply differentiated from the apothecium; hymenium purple-red to pink, orange, brown, tan, or bright yellow; exterior whitish, glabrous to glabrescent, occasionally finely tomentose; hairs, where present, hypha-like, flexuous; ectal excipulum thin, often poorly differentiated from the medullary excipulum, textura intricata to textura epidermoidea with the long axes of the cells parallel to the exterior of the apothecium; medullary excipulum thick, textura intricata; asci suboperculate, ripening seriatim, not bluing in iodine, thick-walled, cylindrical, with gradually tapered bases; ascospores mostly asymetrical (symmetrical in P. costaricensis) unequal-sided ellipsoid to sublunulate, medium-sized to large, (14–) 16–40 (–42) µ long, ornamented with longitudinal striations or corrugations which do not stain in cotton blue, containing one or two large oil drops and several smaller ones; paraphyses slender, barely enlarged above, straight, septate, infrequently branched or anastomosing; occurring on wood in the tropics.

Type species: Acetabula vulgaris Fuckel 1870 (= Peziza acetabulum L.)

Diagnosis: Nom. novum, = Acetabula Fuckel

Synonym of Helvella

Type species: Phycoascus tremellosus Möller 1901

Type designated by Möller (1901)

Diagnosis: Hypothallus weit ausgebreitet, aus locker verflochtenen sehr dicken Fäden. Apothecien verstreut auf dem Hypothallus, der in das Hypothecium ohne Grenze übergeht, unberandet, weich. Sporen hyalin einzellig. Pyronema verwandt?

Synonym of Pyronema ?

Type species: Peziza phyllogena Cooke 1877

Type designated by Van Vooren (2020)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 5 [7 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, cupulate, sessile, external surface distinctly furfuraceous or pustulate. Flesh without latex, purplish-coloured. Asci operculate, 8-spored, with crozier, wall diffusely bluing in an iodine solution (W type). Paraphyses hyaline, with an external pigment at the top, pale brown, olivaceous brown or dark brown. Ascospores eguttulate but containing small polar granules, ornamented with warts. Species saprobic.

Type species: Phymatomyces yezomontanus Kobayasi 1937

Type designated by Kobayasi (1937)

Diagnosis: Fructificationes plus minusve subterranae tuberiformes carnosae arrizae, extus glabrae. Peridium e 2-5 stratis cellularum globosarum compositum, a pluribus praedita. Lacunae gyroso-labyrintheae ad superficies fructificationum apertae, parietibus hymeniis tectis. Septae e hyphis hyalinis tenuibus compositae. Asci clavato-cylindrici obtusi octospori. Sporidia 1-seriata globosa hyalina laevia. Paraphyses filiformes hyalinae septatae.

Synonym of Balsamia

Type species: Ozonium omnivorum Shear 1907

Type designated by Hennebert (1973)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Fungi imperfecti. Coloniae araneosae, floccosae, hirsutae, implexae vel compactae, luteoochraceae vel brunneae, persistentes. Mycelium ex hyphis septatis, fibulis destitutis, ramosis, saepe anastomosis et multiseptatis in funiculos aggregatis, cum aerialibus cruciatis hirsutis setis praeditis. Conidiophori laterales in hyphis ennati, simplices vel ramosi, moniliformes, terminalibus et subterminalibus cellulis inflatis, globosis, conidiogenis, fere simultaneiter sessilia conidia producentibus. Conidia holoblastica, globosa vel ovata, laevia, tenui pariete, ampla basi cum vestigio praedita. Habitat ad vivendarum plantarum basim in terra. Perfectus status incognitus.

Family: Rhizinaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Gyromitra esculenta Pers. ex Fr. 1849

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Réceptacles infléchis de plusieurs côtés sur le stipe, entiers ou profondément lobés, à bords libres ou soudés par places au pédicule. Spores elliptiques ou fusiformes sans sporidiole centrale, mais à 1-2 sporidioles plus petites à l''extrémité.

Synonym of Gyromitra

Type species: Picoa juniperi Vittad. 1831

Type designated by Vittadini (1831)

Diagnosis: CHAR. Uterus sessilis, arrhizus, extus muricato-scaber, intus carnosus. Caro alba, immutabilis, venis obsoletis. Sporangia (an sporidia?) vesiculosa, sphaerica, textu celluloso-fibroso immersa, laevia, intus globulum pellucidum (an sporidium?) stomate, anulo saliente cincto munitum, includentia.
HIST. Fungi medii, subterranei, habitu omnino Tuberibus accedentes, sed characteribus citatis distincti. Una tantum species nota.
Genus hoc in hoпогеm b. Pici ob sua Melethemata inauguralia de re mycologica bene merentis, denominavi.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Piersonia alveolata Harkn. 1899

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Integument scabrous or warty; gleba showing a multiplicity of brownish dots, orbicular or gyrose; asci together; spores 3-4, alveolate.

Synonym of Choiromyces

Type species: Peziza tricholoma Mont.

Type designated by Seaver (1928)

Diagnosis: Nom. novum, = Trichoscypha (Cooke) Sacc. 1889, nom. illeg.

Synonym of Cookeina

Type species: Pindara terrestris Velen. 1934

Type designated by Velenovský (1933)

Diagnosis: Apoth. rigide carnosa, mediocria, crasse stipitata, stipite adulto sulcata, primum leniter patellaria, dein discino-explanata, hymenio colorato, glabra. As. permagni, jodo fusci, par. simpl. filif., apice clavatae. Sp. maximae, distichae, cylindro-fusiformes, hyalinae, serie guttularum magnarum donatae, unicellulares.
Unica species, ad terram humidam ad rivulos in societate Lachnearum aestate nascens. Typus Pezizae eximius, sed meo sensu in vicinitatem Acetabulae spectans. Ab ca apotheciis vestutis discinis, fere pileatis, sporis maximis, cylindricis praeter alia differt.

Family: Helvellaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Discina leucoxantha Bres. 1881

Type designated by Dirks et al. (2025)

Family: Discinaceae

Number of species: 3 [2 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, substipitate; hymenophore cupulate to discoid, margin incurved; hymenium pinkish-buff to yellow-ochraceous; stipe fluted and lacunose, white. Ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid to fusoid, apiculus truncate with a concave, apical depression; surface roughened to reticulate at maturity; perispore cyanophilic; contents uniguttulate or triguttulate.

Type species: Peziza pitya Pers. 1800 (= Pithya vulgaris Fuckel)

Type designated by Seaver (1927)

Diagnosis: Cupulae subsparsae, media magnitudine, ceraceae, primo teretes, demum explanatae, in stipitem crassum brevem attenuatae, basi albicante fibrillosae, ceterum subglabrae, margine acuto vix distincto, disco colorato. Asci longissimi, cylindracei, 8spori. Sporidia monosticha, perfecte globosa, simplicia, hyalina dilutissime rubellave. Paraphyses filiformes, clavatae. Autumnales.
Dürre Aestchen, bisher nur der Coniferen bewohnend.

Family: Sarcoscyphaceae

Number of species: 5 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Asexual morph of Mollardiomyces type.

Type species: Planamyces parisiensis Crous & C. Decock 2017

Type designated by Crous & Decock, in Crous et al. (2017)

Anamorphic genus.

Family: Otideaceae

Number of species: 1

Current definition: Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, arising from superficial hyphae, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, multiseptate, flexuous, developing terminal and intercalary branches that give rise to clusters of conidiophores; lateral branches hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, giving rise to conidiogenous cells, frequently two, with bifurcate positioning. Conidiogenous cells subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, clavate at apex; apex with several denticles, with apical and lateral holoblastic loci. Conidia solitary, globose but flattened in side view, hyaline, smooth, aseptate, becoming saffron with age, and developing small warts.

Type species: Peziza melastoma Sowerby 1799

Type designated by Saccardo (1889)

Diagnosis: Cupulae sparsae, majusculae, crasso-stipitatae, carnosae, basi plus minusve comatae, ceterum subglabrae, marginatae, disco plane concavo, discolori. Asci longissimi, cylindracei, 8spori. Sporidia monosticha, oblonga, demum guttulata, continua, episporio laevi, hyalino subrubellove. Paraphyses filiformes, subsimplices. Vernales.
Faulende Aestchen und dergl. bewohnend.

Family: Sarcosomataceae

Number of species: 15 fide DoF [7 integrated herein]

Asexual morph of Conoplea type.

Type species: ?

Diagnosis: Fongosités membraneuses et à tête en réseau également irrégulier, mais à tige pleine et d''un effet dangereux.

Synonym of Gyromitra ?

Type species: Peziza trachycarpa Curr. 1864

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Cupulae gregariae sparsaeve, a minoribus ad maximas, carnosae, substipitatae sessilesve, lato-obconicae, turbinatae vel explanato-plicatae, extus aut villo denso, brevi, aut furfuraceae, rarius subglabrae, margine elevato, disco plerumque nitido, concavo explanatove, discolori, quandoque tremelloso. Asci magni, cylindracei, subvermiculares, substipitati, fusci, toti oblique transverse plicati, 8spori. Sporidia in asci superiori parte primo disticha, demum monosticha, perfecte globosa, ovata oblongave, continua, episporio crasso, tuberculoso, fusco (in P. violaceae modo laevi hyalinoque). Paraphyses filiformes, articulatae, demum secedentes (an omnium ?). Terrestres fimicolaeque. Peziza trachycarpa Curr. in Rbh. F. eur. 620. et Peziza Marsupium Pers. Myc. eur. I. pag. 228. etiam hujus generis sunt.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 10 fide DoF [5 integrated herein]

Asexual morph of Chromelosporium type.

Type species: Peziza radula Berk. & Broome 1877

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Ascomata subcupulata, majuscula. Sporidia globosa. [P. radula (B. ef Br.) Sacc, P. atrospora (Fuck.) Sacc, P. scabrosa (Cooke) Sacc].

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 3 [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Aleuria reperta Boud.

Type designated by Clements (1909)

Diagnosis: Spores dark, 1-celled, elliptic. Apothecia stalked.

Synonym of Phaeopezia

Type species: Protogenea japonica Kobayasi 1964

Type designated by Kobayasi (1964)

Diagnosis: Mycelia e parte basale fructificationis oriunda, graciles albida 3-5 mm longa, hyphis hyalinis, ramosis septatis 5-6 µ crassis. Fructificatio singularis globosa vel paullo depresso-globosa 8-12 mm in diam., 5-7 mm alta, sicco carnea flexilis cum cavo unico magno, externe glabra, pruinosa, pallide ochracea vel fere alba, opaca, interne glabra pallide ochracea, opaca ; pori apicale orbiculato parvo 2 mm in diam., vel irregulariter elongato, non fimbriato. Peridium 500-550 µ crassum, basi crassiore, pseudoparenchymaticum e cellulis polyhedratis inaequalibus dense texto, semipellucidum, pallide ochraceum vel fere album, externe cum hyphis septatis vel cellulis elongatis praeditum. Medulla tenuis 0.1-0.15 mm µ craSSa, albida e hyphis septatis composita. Pars fertilis 700-900 µ crassa, albida ; hyphis sterilibus palisadim ordinatis, apicaliter fasciculatis sed non confluentibus, fere equalibus, septati hyalinis 3-4 µ crassis. Asci irregulariter sparsim ordinate, cyllndrici, 270-400 × 35-40 µ, apice obtuse inoperculati, cum 3-8 ascosporis uniseriatis. Ascosporae globosae, pallide ochraceae 25-30 µ in diam., granulosa cum membranis duplici praeditae, membrana externa plus minusve crassa, hyalina laeve, membrana interna tenue.

Synonym of Hydnocystis

Type species: Pseudaleuria quinaultiana Lusk 1987

Type designated by Lusk (1987)

Diagnosis: Apothecia sparsa vel fasciculata, mediocria, sessilia vel substipitata, orbicularia vel repanda; hymenio clare rubro-aurantiaco, extus similari vel pallidiore, pilis hyalinis, flexuosis, stratum externum velutinum tormantibus; excipulo duobus stratis composito, strato interiore ex textura intricata, strato exteriore ex textura angularis, ascis operculatis, non amyloideis, octosporis, cylindraceis, basin versus sensim angustatis, ad maturitatem non prodtrudentibus, muro tenui; ascosporis ellipsoideis, laevibus, hyalinis, eguttulatis, mediocribus; paraphysibus gracilibus, sursum plus minsve dilatatis, raro ramificantibus.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia scattered or in clusters, medium sized, sessile to substipitate, discoid to repand, thick-fleshed, texture firm fleshy to rubbery, becoming corky when dry; hymenium bright reddish orange; exterior concolor or lighter when fresh, with flexuous hyphoid hairs, these hairs forming a felty layer; excipulum two-layered, medullary layer is textura intricata, ectal layer is textura angularis; asci operculate, non-amyloid, eight-spored, cylindrical, tapering to the base, thin-walled, not protruding at maturity; ascospores ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, eguttulate, uninucleate, medium sized; paraphyses slender, slightly to greatly and abruptly enlarged above, rarely branching.Soil and/or wood saprobe, or mycorrhizal.

Type species: Pseudobalsamia setchellii E. Fisch. 1907

Type designated by Gilkey (1954)

Diagnosis: Die Fruchtkörper sind hier von Venae externae durchsetzt, welche entweder von einer grubigen Vertiefung der Oberfläche ins Innere ausstrahlen oder einen unregelmässigen Verlauf zeigen und an mehreren Punkten der Oberfläche ausmünden und welche von einer mehr oder weniger deutlichen Hyphenpalissade umgrenzt werden. Aussen ist der Fruchtkörper von einer warzigen Pseudoparenchymrinde bedeckt. Die Asci erscheinen in dem ganzen zwischen den Venae externae liegenden Fruchtkörpergeflecht gleichmässig und regellos verteilt, sie sind meist ellipsoidisch bis zitronenförmig oder dick spindelförmig gestaltet und enthalten in regelloser Lagerung acht ellipsoidische Sporen mit wenig verdickter, farbloser, glatter Membran. Bei Ps. Setchelli sind die Asci 50–70 µ lang, ihr Durchmesser beträgt 25–35 µ. Die Sporen messen 21–28 : 10–12 µ. — Am nächsten steht Pseudobalsamia der Gattung Hydnobolites, welche ich in meinen früheren Bearbeitungen) der Hypogaeen zu den Plectascineen gestellt hatte, die aber vielleicht doch den Tuberineen und speziell der Gattung Tuber angereiht werden könnte.

Synonym of Balsamia

Type species: Kotlabaea benkertii B. Perić 2013

Type designated by Lindeman et al. (2015)

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia 1-8 mm in diameter, sessile, smooth, at first hemispherical, later becoming disc-shaped, finally with irregular shape. Hymenium lemon yellow, greenish yellow, orange yellow. Margin slightly raised, smooth or finely serrated, sometimes irregularly wavy or incurved, same color as the hymenium. Asci 8-spored, operculate, not amyloid, base simple. Ascospores ellipsoid-ovoid or rhomboid, smooth, hyaline or occasionally pale yellowish, with many minute refractive droplets, later becoming thick-walled and droplets accumulating in the centre, with a cyanophilic perispore, dead ascospores containing occasionally a de-Bary-bubble. Paraphyses filiform, distinctly curved, septate, containing yellow or orange granules which do not stain green with iodine. Excipulum two-layered: medullary excipulum of textura intricata, composed of thin-walled hyaline cells; ectal excipulum as textura globulosa, composed of thin walled hyaline cells, intermixed with swollen hyphae. Anchor hyphae covering the base of apothecia.

Type species: Pseudocollema cartilagineum Kanouse & A.H. Sm. 1940

Type designated by Kanouse & Smith (1940)

Diagnosis: Apothecia coprophila, gregaria, sessilia, enascentia e cartilaginosa stromatica basi, subturbinata, mollia, catinosa; asci anguste cylindracei, J+; sporae ellipsoideae, nonseptatae,; paraphyses filiformes. Species typica, P. cartilagineum.

Synonym of Byssonectria

Type species: Cheilymenia catenipila J. Moravec 2003

Type designated by Lindeman et al. (2019)

Diagnosis: Differs from the species of Coprotus sensu Korf & Kimbrough by its marginal hairs composed of globose and elongate cells in chains, its fully developed marginal tissue, its much bigger size, and the rDNA analysis.

Family: Ascodesmidaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza melaleucoides Seaver 1928

Type designated by Wang et al. (2023)

Family: Discinaceae

Number of species: 2 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, subsessile to stipitate; hymenophore cupulate to discoid; hymenium rugose, dark gray-brown to brown; stipe short, fluted. Ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, nonapiculate; surface with isolated, rounded warts at maturity; perispore cyanophilic; contents biguttulate.

Type species: Pseudogenea vallisumbrosae Bucholtz 1901

Type designated by Bucholtz (1901)

Diagnosis: Fruchtkörper unregelmässig rundlich, hohl, ohne Basis, mit einer oder einigen wenigen rundlichen oder spaltförmigen Oeffnungen. Wandung desselben aussen und innen von einer pseudoparenchymatischen, stark höckerigen Rinde bekleidet. In den Hohlraum des Fruchtkörpers ragen einige niedrige wulstförmige Erhebungen hinein, doch ohne dass es zur Bildung von labyrinthischen Gängen kommt. Am Rande der Oeffnung resp. der Oeffnungen geht die äussere pseudoparenchymatische Rindenschicht unmerklich in die innere über, welche aber weniger starke Hocker aufweist. Hymenium unter der inneren Rindenschicht, die ganze innere Wandung jedoch nicht ohne Unterbrechungen (s. weiter unten) über- ziehend. Es wird aus palissadenförmig gestellten Asci und Paraphysen gebildet, welche gegen das Fruchtkörperinnere gerichtet sind. — Asci cylindrisch-keulenförmig, 8sporig. Paraphysen septirt. Sporen rund, feinwarzig, fast glatt.

Synonym of Genea

Type species: Pseudohydnotrya harknessii E. Fisch. 1897

Type designated by Fischer (1897)

Diagnosis: Fruchtkörper unregelmäßig rundlich, von hohlen labyrinthisch verlaufenden Gängen oder Kammern durchsetzt, die an mehreren Punkten der Fruchtkörperoberfläche nach außen münden, und deren Wandungen vom Hymenium überkleidet sind. Oberfläche des Fruchtkörpers mit pseudoparenchymatischer, behaarter Rinde überkleidet, die oft tief in die Hohlräume des FruchlkÖrperinnern hineinreicht und sich daselbst direct in das Hymenium fortsetzt. Hymenium aus palissadenförmig gestellten Ascis und Paraphysen bestehend. Paraphysen cylindrisch, septiert, am Ende etwas keulenförmig angeschwollen. Asci cylindrisch oder etwas keulenförmig, oben gerundet, meist 8sporig. Sporen ellipsoidisch, glatt, farblos, einreihig oder unvollkommen zweireihig im Ascus gelagert.

Synonym of Geopora

Type species: Pseudombrophila pedrottii Boud. 1885

Type designated by Seaver (1928)

Diagnosis: Poils courts ou obtus ; spores sans sporidioles. Couleur pâle; espèces subfimicoles, stipitées ou obconiques.

Family: Pseudombrophilaceae

Number of species: 28 fide DoF [10 integrated herein]

Type species: Sarcoscypha minuscula Boud. & Torrend 1911

Type designated by Seaver (1928)

Diagnosis: Apothecia stipitate or subsessile, rather tough, not shrinking much in drying, in general appearance and in habitat resembling a Pithya; hymenium scarlet; asci 8-spored, marked near the apex by a prominent thickened ring; spores ellipsoid, hyaline; paraphyses filiform.

Family: Sarcoscyphaceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza nigrella Pers. 1801

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Cupulae gregariae sparsaeve, sessiles vel breviter stipitatae, majusculae, carnosae, extus aut pilosae, praecipue basin versus comatae, aut subglabrae, stipite basi in hyphas soluto, effuse radicante, disco marginato, concavo, discolori. Asci longissimi, cylindracei, 8spori. Sporidia monosticha, perfecte globosa, simplicia, laevia, hyalina vel pallide fusca. Paraphyses filiformes, simplices, subclavatae, quandoque coloratae. Vernales.
Auf faulenden Tannennadeln, selten auf nackter Erde.
Verhält sich zu Plectania wie Crouania zu Leucoloma.

Family: Sarcosomataceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF [9 integrated herein]

Type species: Pseudorhizina korshinskii Jacz. 1913

Type designated by Jaczewski (1913)

Family: Discinaceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF, currently 4 [2 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, stipitate; hymenophore irregularly convex, campanulate, saddle-shaped, or irregularly lobed, margin reflexed, fused, or free; hymenium brown to gray-brown or blackish-brown; stipe lacunose, sharply costate, ribs extending onto under surface of hymenophore, white to rosy pink to violet. Ascospores hyaline, globose to ellipsoid, nonapiculate; surface seen as smooth with light microscopy but smooth or finely rugose under SEM at maturity; cyanophilic perispore-periplasm complex absent at maturity; contents uni- or biguttulate. Hyphae of excipulum thick-walled.

Type species: Sarcosoma latahense Paden & Tylutki 1969

Type designated by Carbone et al. (2013)

Family: Chorioactidaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia turbinate to discoid, gelatinous to less gelatinous in age, substipitate, hymenium deep purple to black, external surface grayish to black. Asci operculate, 8-spored, inamyloid, tapering basally with some forked bases; spores elliptical to subcylindrical, smooth, hyaline, oil-dropped to eguttulate at maturity; paraphyses cylindroid, branched, anastomosing, closely septate, with bent or lobed tips; subhymenium of a thick textura intricata; medullary excipulum of a loose textura intricata; ectal excipulum of textura angularis, the most outer cells with brown walls; external hairs branched, septate, smooth, lobed, hyaline to pale brownish-olivaceous.

Type species: Peziza abietina Pers. 1794

Type designated by Nannfeldt (1938)

Diagnosis: Ce genre qui contient moins d’espèces que le précédent, ne s’en distingue que par le réceptacle toujours cupulaire et non fendu sur le côté. Les autres caractères sont les mêmes, sauf les paraphyses qui sont plus fréquemment droites dans plusieurs espèces, d’autres ont les spores verruqueuses. Comme chez les Olidea, toutes sont ‭épigées ‭; ce genre pourrait n’être regardé que comme un sous-genre du précédent.

Synonym of Otidea

Type species: Pseudotricharina intermedia Van Vooren, Tello & M. Vega 2019

Type designated by Van Vooren et al. (2019)

Diagnosis: Differs from the known species of Tricharina by its guttulate and roughly warted ascospores, and from Trichophaea species by its tricharinoid general morphology.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 3 [3 integrated herein]

Type species: Gyromitra anthracobia Loizides, P.A. Moreau & Bellanger

Type designated by Wang et al. (2023)

Family: Discinaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, stipitate; hymenophore cerebriform to lobate; hymenium gray-brown, red-brown, purple-brown, or black when fresh; stipe cylindric, attached to hymenophore only at apex, white to ochraceous-orange, stuffed to hollow. Ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid, nonapiculate; surface smooth at maturity; perispore cyanophilic; contents biguttulate.

Type species: Psilopezia nummularia Berk. 1847

Type designated by Berkeley (1847)

Diagnosis: Hymenium planum ascigerum omnino immarginatum. Strato tomentoso innatum. Asci ampli; sporidia elliptica.

Family: Rhizinaceae

Number of species: 5 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Morchella bohemica Krombh. 1828

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Caractérisé par un réceptacle régulier ou peu lobé, ‭à hyménium fortement veiné ou plissé et même morchelliforme, mais ‭à côtes toutes fertiles ce qui démontre son unité, et par les spores très grandes, plus allongées et au nombre de deux dans chaque thèque. Ce sont d’assez grands champignons, tous terrestres. La plupart des espèces indiquées dans les auteurs ne doivent ‭être considérées que comme des synonymes par suite de descriptions erronées.

Synonym of Verpa

Type species: Pulparia arctica P. Karst. 1871

Type designated by Karsten (1871)

Diagnosis: Apothecia oblongato-dilatata et substipitata. Cupula concaviuscula vel planiuscula, glabra, ceraceo-mollis vel subgelatinoso-ceracea. Asci copiosi, cylindracei. Spora 8:nae, monostichae, simplices, sphaeroideae, hyalinae. Paraphyses filiformes.

Synonym of Pulvinula

Type species: Peltidium oocardii Kalchbr. 1862

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Apothec. in columna brevi, crasse convexa, molliter carnosa, margine non dilatata, prima aetate solum leniter patellaria, marginata, glabra, interdum subgelatinosa. As. late cylindrici, maximi, obtusi, basi parum attenuati, jodo lutei. Par. simpliciter filif., apice latissime clavato-dilatatae, granulis impletae, ascos valde superantes. Sp. monostichae, late ellipticae, laeves, biguttulatae.
Sub hoc genere conjungimus 2 species, omnino ligna humida in aquis et paludibus incollentes. Pulv. bohemicam in meo opere »Čes. houby« 1921 ad Psilopeziam posui, ad quam et alias Helvellaceas tramitum praebet. Pulv. Oocardii habet columnam brevissimam, sed patella insidenti crassiorem, gelatinosam, parce pilosam, analysis microscopica autem pIene cum Pulv. bohemica convenit. Jam vero Kalchbr. in Rabenhorstii Fungi eur. hanc Pezizam sub proprio genere Peltidium enumerat. Rehmius per nefas eam sicut Humariam describit.

Synonym of Adelphella

Type species: Peziza convexella P. Karst. 1869

Type designated by Le Gal (1953)

Diagnosis: Réceptacles lisses extérieurement ou à peine furfuracés ; paraphyses très grèles, rameuses, à rameaux recourbés à l’extrémité.

Family: Pulvinulaceae

Number of species: 27 fide DoF [9 integrated herein]

Type species: Galactinia subisabellina Le Gal 1967

Type designated by Hirsch (1992)

Diagnosis: Ascomata minuta vel media, applanata, crassa, estipitata, obscure purpurea vel purpureo brunnea. Carne molle, sine lactae. Sporae hyalinae, laeves, eguttatae. Asci cylindracei, totis parietibus tenuiter amyloidei. Paraphyses simplices, rectes, crassae claviformes, pigmentis in parietibus. Anatomia ascomatis simplex, textura intricata vel inflata, sine mediostrato.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 4 [2 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata discoid or pulvinate, sessile, fleshy, whitish, pinkish to reddish-colored or purplish brown. Flesh without latex. Asci operculate, 8-spored, with crozier, with wall diffusely bluing in an iodine solution (W type). Paraphyses containing small vacuolar bodies. Ascospores eguttulate, but often with small granules at young stage, smooth or ornamented by isolated warts, in some species germinating to directly produce conidia. Ectal excipulum of textura globulosa/angularis, with large cells. Species saprobic.

Type species: Peziza cupularis L. 1753

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Cupulae sparsae, plerumque maximae, carnosae, breviter crasse stipitatae, campanulatae ampliataeve, extus pustulato-furfuraceae, disco vix discolori, submarginato. Asci longissimi, cylindracei, 8spori. Sporidia in asci superiori parte oblique monosticha, ovata, oblongo-ovatave, continua, 1—2 guttulata, episporio laevi, hyalino, rarius lutescente. Paraphyses filiformes. Terrestres autumnalesque.

Synonym of Tarzetta

Type species: Peziza cupularis L. 1753

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: = Pustularia Fuckel, nom. illeg., emend. Boudier (1885)

Synonym of Tarzetta

Type species: Pyronema marianum Carus 1835

Type designated by Carus (1835)

Diagnosis: Description

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Pyronema araneosum Speg. 1878

Type designated by Vido (1884)

Diagnosis: Vido (1884): Est Pyronema sporidiis sphaericis ornatum.
Saccardo (1889): (Etym. Pyronema, cui affine genus). – Ascoma sessile, patellare, carnosum, sat minutum pilis tenuibus, haylinis albo-tomentosum, disco laete colorato. Asci cylindracei, paraphysati, octospori. Sporidia perfecte globosa, hyalina.

Synonym of Lasiobolus

Type species: Peziza rubra Peck 1872

Type designated by Egger (1984)

Diagnosis: Apothecia profunda cupulata, sessila, rosea ad rubroaurantia. Excipulum ectale ex textura angularis e cellulis hyalinis, crassitunicatis constitutis cum pilis brevibus, hyalinus, moniliformibus. Excipulum medullosa ex textura intricata e hyphis septatis, hyalinis constitutis. Asci operculati, cylindrici, octospori, J–. Paraphyses biformae: pigmento absenti vel pigmento auranti acrystalli capienti. Ascosporae maturae eguttulatae, laeves, hyalinae. Ascosporae immaturae biguttulatae.
Anamorphosus: Dichobotrys Hennebert […]

Family: Pyropyxidaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Asexual morph of Dichobotrys type.

Type species: Ramsbottomia lamprosporoidea W.D. Buckley 1924

Type designated by Buckley (1924)

Diagnosis: Ascomata terrestria, plerumque laeticoloria, parva, lata primum orbicularia dein plana vel lenticularia, externe pilosa, pilis coloratis; asci ampli, maturitate prominentes, operculati, iodo non caerulescentes, octospori; sporidia globosa vel ovata, virescentes, granulas coloratas continentes.
This genus is best placed immediately following Boudierella Sacc. in the Pseudo-Ascoboleae of Boudier''s classification.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Labyrinthomyces westraliensis G.W. Beaton & Malajczuk 1986

Type designated by Trappe et al. (1992)

Diagnosis: A Labyrinthomyces e Dingleya peridio laevi, glabro et ascis sporis 1–4 (–5) differt.

Family: Tuberaceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Differing from Labyrinthomyces and Dingleya in its smooth, glabrous peridium and asci with only 1–4 (–5) spores. Ornamentation of spores of some species collections swells inordinately in KOH. True ornamentation can be viewed in H20, Melzer''s reagent or cotton blue.

Type species: Phallus conicus O.F. Müll. 1775

Type designated by Gray (1821)

Diagnosis: Thallus stipitate; cap conical, bellshape, edge curtain-like, beneath smooth; sporidia on the silky upper surface of the cap.

Synonym of Verpa

Type species: Rhizina undulata Fr. 1815

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Pileus sessilis bullatus convexus, supra thecigerus, subtus concavus fibrillis pluribus radicatus (unde nomen.)

Family: Rhizinaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Rhizoblepharia jugispora Rifai 1968

Type designated by Rifai (1968)

Diagnosis: Est Scutellinia sed ascosporae fusoideae eguttulatae, tunica sulcis transversis e materie non calloso-pectica compositis ornata.
Hab. ad terram humidam.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF

Type species: Peziza melastoma Sowerby 1798

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Espèces à hyménium d''un beau noir ; paraphyses à ramifications moins pointues. Réceptacles pédiculés à poils courts et obtus, souvent recouverts d''une poussière rouge vers la marge; spores oblongues.

Synonym of Plectania

Type species: Aleuria tuberculata Gamundí 1975

Type designated by Moravec (1994)

Diagnosis: Apothecia media usque magna, sessilia, cupuliformia, inaequalia, interdum auriculiformia, externe glabra, ad marginem pruinosa; hymenio miniato. Excipulum externum textura globulosa angularis compositum e cellulis latioribus, excipulum internum (medulla) textura globulosa angularis compositum e cellulis angustioribus cum hyphis intermixtis. Asci cylindracei, operculati, octospori, in toto iodo coerulescentes. Ascosporae late ellipsoideae, eguttulatae, pallide flavescentes, tuberculatae. Paraphyses filiformes, simplices, septatae, rectae sed apice curvatae, granulis aurantiacis impletae.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza ovilla Peck 1876

Type designated by Dissing & Sivertsen (1983)

Diagnosis: Carposoma disciforme vel cupulatum margine prominente, sessile vel substipitatum, extra pilis flexuosis membranis distromaticis vestitum; hymenium roseolum, raro albidum. Excipulum onmino textura intricata, extra pilis obtusis saeptatis ramificatis vestitum membranis interioribus tenuibus aequalibus, exterioribus crassis inaequalibus tincturam Cotton Blue et t. carmineam declinantibus. Asci operculati, non amyloides, maturi non prominentes. Paraphyses saeptatae, supra ramificatae, infra anastomosantes, cellula cujusque apicali guttulas exiguas numerosas continente. Sporae uniseriatae, magnae, fusiformes, laeves vel verrucis subtilibus solitariis ornatae, quaeque guttulas primum duas magnas, matura numerosas minores continens. Nuclei omnes tincturam carmineam captantes, in sporis unici, alibi singuli—7ni.
Habitat in humo vel frustulis plantarum, raro in ligno.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Pustularia rosea Rea 1924

Type designated by Dissing & Sivertsen (1983)

Diagnosis: Carposoma primum hemisphaericum, deinde cupulatum vel disciforme, margine prominente, base lata sessile, extra glabrum, roseolum ut semper hymenium, vel albidum. Excipulum omnino textura intricata, cellulis achrois, tincturam Cotton Blue intra paulum accipientibus. Subhymenium e cellulis dense intertextis formatum, cellulis uncificis tincturam Cotton Blue avide captantibus intermixtis. Asci operculati, non amyloides. Paraphyses saeptatae, cellula cujusque apicali guttulas exiguas numerosas continente. Sporae uniseriatae, laeves, ellipsoides, quaeque duas guttulas continens.
Habitat in locis deustis.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Rickiella transiens Syd. & P. Syd. ex Rick 1904

Type designated by Rick (1904)

Diagnosis: Pileo convexo, carnoso, subcartilagineo, substipitato, turbinato; disco obtuse marginato, hymenifero; inferne canalibus et labyrinthis fenestrato, totam massam subiculi crassi, carnosi interius exteriusque percurrentibus. Asci cylindrici. Sporae ovales, uniloculares. Paraphyses ut in Eupezizeis.
Est quasi Clathracea ascogena. A Cyttaria differt disco nunquam poroso et hymenio ad discum restricto. Ab Acetabula tota structura clathri distinguitur. Berggrenia Cooke videtur similis, sed est incerta, nec ejus descriptio quadrat.

Family: Sarcoscyphaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza trechispora Berk. & Broome 1846

Diagnosis: nomen novum, based on Sphaerospora (Vido) Sacc., illeg.

Synonym of Scutellinia

Type species: Peziza atrovinosa Cooke 1875

Type designated by Pfister et al. (2024)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia shallow cupulate, often in groups, hymenium ranging in color from tawny buff to dark brown to nearly black on drying, outer surface concolorous or lighter than the hymenium, scurfy. Flesh thick, composed of textura intricata with intermixed globose cells. Outer excipulum with low pustules composed of parallel cells oriented perpendicularly to the outer surface. Ascospores broadly ellipsoid, under 15 µm long, with two guttules, surface ornamented with a regular or irregular reticulum the veins of which become brown at maturity. Asci blue in iodine at the apex without a ring and blue in the upper half. Paraphyses slightly swollen at the tip, containing dark amorphous material.

Type species: Ruhlandiella berolinensis Henn. 1903

Type designated by Hennings (1903)

Diagnosis: Ascomata superficialia, globosa, laevia, glabra, intus gelatinoso-carnosa, pseudoparenchymatica, hyalina, basi myceliofera. Asci cylindraceo-clavati, octospori, paraphysati. Sporae globosae, brunneae, reticulato-verrucosae.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [5 integrated herein]

Current definition: Fruitbodies pulvinate to brain-like. Excipulum of globose to angular, thick-walled cells. Asci cylindrical to clavate, weakly amyloid all over, without operculum; ascus wall evanescent. Paraphyses septate, branching, with a conspicuous gelatinous sheath; paraphyses distinctly exceeding asci in length. Ascospores globose, at first bi- to tri-seriate, hyaline, later uniseriate, with a pale brownish, strongly cyanophilic ornamentation.

Type species: Ryparobius brunneus Boud. 1869

Type designated by Seaver (1927)

Diagnosis: Receptaculum minutissimum, vix oculo nudo conspicuum, ceraceum, marginatum, sessile, disco plano ; thecis promipulis punctato, siccum margine inflexo rotundatum. Paraphyses raræ aut rarissimæ, curtæ, septatæ, gelatina vix conspicua immersæ. Thecæ minutæ sed pro ratione amplissime, sæpe ovatæ, ad basin vix attenuatæ ; semper polysporæ, operculo maximo convexo dehiscentes, maturæ discum parum superantes. Sporæ minutissimæ, hyalinæ, numerosissimæ, nunquam intus granulosæ, nucleo vix conspicuo, maturæ in globulum oblongum aggregatæ sed facile disjunctatæ.

Family: ?

Number of species: unknown

Type species: Ascobolus kervernii P. Crouan & H. Crouan 1858

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Ascobolus, Pers. et omnium auctorum fecentiorum.
Receptaculum carnosum, sessile, extus glabrum, nitidum. Hymenium planum dein convexum, lucidum, thecis minus exsertis granula nigra nitida simulantibus vestitum. Paraphyses numerosæ, minus graciles, ad apicem incrassatæ, septatæ, simplices aut ramosæ; intus vix granulosæ, longitudine thecas æquantes, gelatina vix conspicua immersæ. Thecæ curtæ, amplæ, ad apicem subquadratæ, ad basin attenuatæ et tunc subcuneiformes, operculo sæpius triangulari non umbonalo dehiscentes, sporas 8 includentes. Sporæ episporio ceraceo, leve, rarissime minute etl sæpius transversim rimoso, membrana communi inclusæ, maturæ ad extremitatem thecæ varie aggregatæ.
Species minores stercorariæ.

Family: Ascobolaceae

Number of species: 27 fide DoF [15 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata paragymnohymenial or eugymnohymenial; superficial, sessile; small 0.1-1.0 mm, rarely up to 2.0 mm diameter. Receptacle at first often subglobular or semiglobular but soon pulvinate or lenticular; surface smooth or sometimes covered with spreading bunches of flexuous hyphae; without a distinct margin. Asci shortly clavate, with clearly truncate apex; at least at maturity the tips strongly protruding above the hymenium; the wall staining blue with iodine. Ascospores firmly united in a cluster or package and ejected together, cemented in a more or less regular pattern (Fig. 2) by the episporial pigment or rarely at first loosely united according to such a pattern and finally free or partly free. Paraphyses slender or rather thick, cylindrical or cylindric-clavate; relatively short; sometimes embedded in colourless mucus; contents colourless or yellow. Sometimes intercellular, amorphous, violet or brown pigment between the tips of paraphyses or in the outer layers of the excipulum.
Fimicolous, more rarely on rotten textiles or on substrata dirtied with dung.

Type species: Peziza sicula Inzenga 1869

Type designated by Agnello et al. (2018)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata hypogeous or semi-hypogeous, medium- to large-sized, sarcosphaeroid in aspect and distinctly or indistinctly stipitate, at first angiocarpic, hollow, subglobose to pyriform, with a small apical orifice, gradually tearing concentrically to form erect or arched lacinias; hymenial surface smooth, purplish-violet; asci with fully functioning opercula, , pleurorhynchous, diffusely amyloid over the entire length, more intensely at the apex; paraphyses multiseptate, cylindrical or sometimes moniliform; ascospores monoseriate, ellipsoid, smooth or finely low warted, hyaline or subhyaline and mono- or multiguttulate,; in xeric scrub, dry grasslands and thermomediterranean matorral.

Type species: Peziza coccinea Jacq. 1774

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Fries (1822, trib. Sarcoscyphae): Cupula carnosa l. carnoso-membranacea. Crusta nulla.
Cf. Mart. Erl. p. 468.
Differt a sequentibus omnibus Aleuriae characteribus, excepto velo distincte villosa, quod tamen pilis fasciculatis l. tantem ciliatis a sequentium tribuum recedit. Locus quoque natalis aut terrestris aut saepius ad ligna carie plane consumta, quae magis ad humi, quam phytoideam naturam accedant.

Family: Sarcoscyphaceae

Number of species: 28 fide DoF [14 integrated herein]

Asexual morph of Mollardiomyces type.

Type species: Burcardia globosa Schmidel 1793

Type designated by Caspary (in Rehm, 1891)

Diagnosis: Apothecien meist gesellig, sitzend, kuglig-eiförmig oder cylindrisch-bauchig, zuerst geschlossen, oben rundlich sich öffnend und die schüsselformige, flache, dickberandete, dunkle Fruchtscheibe entblössend, äusserlich braun, ziemlich glatt, mehr weniger runzelig, oft mit feinen Kornchen dicht bedeckt, sammetig sich anfühlentl, gallertig weich, innerlich wenig gefärbt, mit tropfbarer, leimiger Flüssigkeit erfüllt, von Haselnuss- bis Kartoffel-Grösse. (Schläuche cylindrisch, oben abgerundet, 8sporig. Sporen elliptisch, stumpf, einzellig mit grossen Oeltropfen, einreihig liegend. Paraphysen fädig oder gabelig getheilt, oben verbreitert und farblos.)

Family: Sarcosomataceae

Number of species: 5 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Asexual morph of Verticicladium type.

Type species: Peziza macrocalyx Riess 1852

Type designated by Auerswald (1869)

Diagnosis: Fungus suglobosus, undique clausus, deinde Geastri instar irregulariter rumpens, carnosus, extus membranaceo- corticatus, intus strato crasso merenchymatoso; hymenium tenue ex ascis tubulosis 8-sporis paraphysibusque filiformibus ramosis, septatis consistens.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [6 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza scabrosa Cooke 1877

Type designated by Dissing & Pfister (1981)

Diagnosis: Apothecia raro plus quam 2 cm lata, catilliformia vel cupulata, hymeniis viridulis flavido vel olivaceo affectis, extra pustulis fuscidis prominentibus. Excipulum exterius textura globulosa vel angulari, cellulis globularibus vel elongatis, parietibus fuscidis, extrinsecus in pustulas conspicuas pyramidales vel conicas elevatum; excipulum medullare textura intricata. Asci omnino amyloides, operculati, cylindrici, basibus latis pleurorhynchis. Paraphyses rectae, septatae, supra matrice colorata granulari circumdatae. Ascosporae globulares, initio achroae, in duas series vel sine ordine dispositae, postea fuscidae, verrucosae uniseriales. Habitat in solo et in frustulis ligneis, locis deustis non affinis.
Species typifica: Peziza scabrosa Cooke.

Synonym of Plicariella

Type species: Peziza vesiculosa Bull. 1790

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Thallus fleshy, membranaceous, brittle, sessile, hemispherical, spreading; outside scaly or mealy.

Synonym of Peziza

Type species: Peziza pseudoanthracina Donadini 1982

Type designated by Sammut et al. (2023)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1

Current definition: Ascomata gregarious, epigeous, discoid, sessile, brown to black coloured. Flesh without latex. Asci operculate, with croziers, having a diffusely but inconstantly amyloid wall in iodine solution. Ascospores globose, uniguttulate, warted. Paraphyses embedded at the top with a yellowish-brown exudate. Excipulum of textura globulosa/subglobulosa. Anamorph unknown. Trophic status unknown.

Type species: Peziza scutellata L. 1753

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Cupula sessilis, extus pilis coloratis vestita, margine pilis rigidis erectis, ciliato.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 66 fide DoF [34 integrated herein]

Type species: ?

Diagnosis: Charnus céracés un peu tenaces, à voile cotonneux.

Synonym of Sarcoscypha

Type species: Scytopezis stellata Clem. 1903

Type designated by Clements (1903)

Diagnosis: Apothecia superficialia, sessilia, ceraceo-coriacea, hemisphaerico-cupulata, atra, pilosa, margine stellatim fisso ; epithecium nullum ; paraphyses praesentes ; excipulum crassum, nigro-brunneum, pseudoparenchymaticum, pilis longis, atris dense obsitum ; hypothecium crassum, hyalinum, prosenchymaticum. Asci octospori, cylindracei, inoperculati, iodo tincti. Sporae continuae, hyalinae, ellipticae, leves. Nomen propter texturam apothecii, σϰύτος, τό, corium, πέζις, ή, fungus sessilis.
Est Urnula estipitata, excipulo parenchymatico.

Synonym of

Type species: Selenaspora batava R. Heim & Le Gal 1936

Type designated by Heim & Le Gal (1936)

Diagnosis: Receptaculo minuto, 3-4 mm., crasso, subgloboso, margine involuto et sinuoso, fusco, hymenio haud granuloso. Sporis maximis (amplius 30 × 18 µ), ellipsoideo-subnavicularibus, figuram unius ex segmentis mali aurantii praebentibus, laevibus, hyalinis, protoplasmate ita coherenti ut, tegumentis deletis, etiamtunc constet. Thecis amplis, saepe circumscriptionem sporatum sequentibus, late sursum rotundatis, abrupte deorsum in pediculum gracile angustatis, octo sporis simplici vel duplici ordine dispositis, lato verticula transversa operculo. Paraphyses rectis, 3 µ lat., sursum incrassatis atque asperitatibus praeditis, singularibus, raro anastomosis; dilute fuscis. I+KI nullam theci partem colorante. In stercoribus.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Seliniella macrospora Arx & E. Müll. 1955 (= Ascobolus immersus Pers.)

Type designated by Arx & Müller (1955)

Diagnosis: Fimicolae; perithecia semiimmersa, nigra, globosa vel irregulariter ellipsoidea, rarissime poris minutis aperta, saepe non ostiolata; paries perithecii ad apicem et ad latera fusco, e stratis cellularum pluribus, plus minusve minorbus, elongatis formato, basi hypostromati; hypostroma carnosa, e cellulis hyalinis vel subflavis angulatis-rotundatis composita. Asci clavati, membranis simplicibus octo sporae. Sporae ellipsoideae, continuae, episporis primum hyalinis demum coloratis, cum mucis gelatinosis. Paraphyses numerosae, fibrosae, hyalinae.

Synonym of Ascobolus

Type species: Peziza sepulta Fr. 1851

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Cupula carnosa, sessilis, extus pilis coloratis vestita.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: unknown [4 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza patavina Cooke & Sacc. 1877

Type designated by Van Vooren et al. (2017)

Diagnosis: Differs from Leucoscypha Boud. by pigmented apothecia and smooth ascospores.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF, currently 2 [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Ascobolus amethystinus W. Phillips 1875

Type designated by Svrček (1969)

Diagnosis: Apothecia solitaria usque gregaria, intermedia, patellaria, sessilia, carnosa, tota violacea, extus nuda, disco concolore absque ascis prominulis. Excipulum cum textura globulosa e cellulis globosis vel crasse cylindraceis, violaceo-coloratis constat. Medulla cum textura intricata e hyphis longis, angustis, pallide violaceis constat. Asci cylindracei, octospori, membrana violaceo-colorata, non amyloidea. Paraphyses crassae, septatae, apice rectae, violaceo-coloratae. Sporae oblongo-ellipsoideae, verrucosae, maturae violaceae usque fuscoviolaceae.
Hab. Ad terram humidam.

Family: Pyropyxidaceae

Number of species: 7 fide DoF [9 integrated herein]

Type species: Smarodsia stollii Raitv. & Vimba 2006

Type designated by Raitviir & Vimba (2006)

Diagnosis: Genus pyronematacearum Kotlabaea Svrcek similis sed in sporis distincte guttulatis et pilis setiformibus crassiter tunicatis differt.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia terrestrial, minute, broadly sessile, discoid to saucer-shaped, disc pale yellowish to pale ochraceous or orange-yellowish, receptacle concolorous with the disc, externally smooth. Ectal excipulum of hyaline, large-celled textura globulosa. The cells of outer layers have thick, refracting walls. Hairs scanty, hyaline, aseptate, firm-walled to thick-walled, cylindrical to conical, obtusely rounded, rarely almost pointed, straight to slightly flexuous, arising superficially from a basal cell. Asci pleurorhynchous, cylindrical, apically not bluing in MLZ, at first 8-spored but 4-spored at maturity in type species. Ascospores ellipsoid-fusoid, containing 2 big, more rarely 1 big or 1 big and several small lipid globules, sometimes with numerous small globules or granulose cytoplasma, spore wall without changes when heated in lactic acid. Paraphyses apically clavate, fi lled with numerous small yellowish drops in CB.

Type species: Peziza radiculata Sowerby 1797

Type designated by Nannfeldt (1938)

Diagnosis: Apothecia cupulata, slipitata, magna vel mediocres. Hymenium flavum–fulvum, excipullum albidum–flavum, villosum, pilis longis, cylindraceis, obtusis, sparse septatis, hyalinis instructum. Pars fundi excipuli textura intricata, pars parietis »pseudo-parenchymatica» e hyphis latis, tenuimembranatis, dense septatis composita, cellulis superficialibus in pilos transientibus. Asci cylindrici, operculati, J-. Sporidia ellipsoidea, 2-guttulata, continua, hyalina, verruculosa. Paraphyses filiformes, (sub)hyalina.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 16 fide DoF [10 integrated herein]

Type species: Parascutellinia fuckelii Donadini & Svrček 1985

Type designated by Lindemann et al. (2022)

Diagnosis: Differs from Scutellinia and other genera having an orange hymenium by the combination of the following characters: superficial and simple-based hairs, always smooth thick-walled ascospores, filled with oil droplets, and its genetic profile.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, apothecial, sessile, orange-coloured, with an external surface and margin covered by short brown hairs. Excipulum two-layered: medullary layer of textura intricata, ectal layer of textura globulosa/angularis. Hairs simple, superficial, septate, with a simple base. Asci operculate, arising from croziers, inamyloid, 8-spored. Paraphyses slender, enlarged at the top, containing carotenoid pigments. Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid, hyaline, pluriguttulate in living state, smooth. Trophic status probably saprobic. Asexual morph unknown.

Type species: Ascobolus hyperboreus P. Karst. 1871

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Spores non enveloppées collectivement dans une membrane, libres ou seulement agglutinées, lisses ou striées, plus rarement verruqueuses. Spores rondes, de couleur peu foncée.

Synonym of Ascobolus

Type species: Sphaerosoma fuscescens Klotzsch 1839

Type designated by Klotzsch (in Dietrich, 1839)

Diagnosis: Receptaculum subglobosum, liberum, carnosum, peridio stipiteque destitutum, intus solidum, extus ascigerum, basi fibrillosum. Hymenium laeve, periphericum, cum receptaculo coalitum. Asci fixi, numquam emersi, appositi, longi, clavaeformes, sporis octo includentes, paraphysibus filiformi-clavatis intermixti. Sporidia lenticularia, verrucosa, nucleum mollem instructa.
Fungi subterranei, maturitate tamen subemersi, carnosi, decolorantes, persistentes.

Family: Incertae sedis

Number of species: 3 fide DoF

Type species: Peziza trechispora Berk. & Broome 1846

Type designated by Vido (1879)

Diagnosis: Est Scutellinia sporidiis globosis ornata.

Synonym of Scutellinia

Type species: Peziza brunnea Alb. & Schwein. 1805

Type designated by Svrček & Kubička (1961)

Diagnosis: Sporae permanenter laeves, guttula centrali magna instructae, dein interdum luteolae.

Synonym of Trichophaea

Type species: Sphaerosporium lignatile Schwein. 1834

Type designated by Schweinitz (1834)

Diagnosis: Sporidochiis obliteratis planiusculis, strato densissimo, pulvinatim elevato incumbente sporidiorum non simplici sed coacervato. Sporidiis majoribus pellucidis, globosis, intus includentibus massam globulosam, grumosam, opacam.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 2 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Peziza trechispora Berk. & Broome 1846

Type designated by Kuntze (1898)

Diagnosis: Nom. novum, = Sphaerospora (Vido) Sacc., nom. illeg.

Synonym of Scutellinia

Type species: Sphaerozone tulasnei Zobel 1854

Type designated by Zobel, in Corda (1854)

Diagnosis: Fungus cavus, irregulariter gibberoso-plicatus, apice hians, basi mycelio copioso pallide fusco donatus. Peridium tenuissimum (evanidum?). Hymenium periphericum, superficiale, componitur ex ascis clavato-cylindricis exotropis, intermixtis paraphysibus multo longioribus filiformi-clavatis. Asci paralleli, approximati 5—6-, rarius octospori. Sporae sphaericae, in ascis uniseriati. Episporium verrucosum, verrucis crassis obtusiusculis.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF

Type species: Peziza laeticolor P. Karst. 1870

Type designated by Schumacher & Moravec (1989)

Diagnosis: Apothecia disciformia vel applanata, thecio aurantiaco-rubro, extusque pilosa, pilis rigidis, luteo-brunneis vel badiis, ad bases a cellulis gobularibus excipuli exterioris portati. Excipulum exterius e cellulis globularibus vel angulatis compositum. Asci typice octospori, operculati, apice in Melzero non caerulescente. Ascosporae ellipsoideae, guttulis binis magnis impletae, tunica sat verrucosa vel reticulata. Paraphyses filliformes, basi 2-4 µm crassae, septatae, rectae, sursum sensim clavato-dilatatae.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF [3 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia scattered to gregarious, medium sized, sessile, discoid to repand; hymenium reddish orange to orange; exterior concolorous or lighter when fresh, surface and margin clothed with stiff, yellowish brown hairs; ectal excipulum of textura angularis to textura globulosa, at the margin the cells slightly elongated, subhyaline, forming a distinct, raised margin; medullary excipulum a compact textura intricata; subhymenium a dense textura intricata to textura epidermoidea. Receptacular hairs originating in outermost cells of the ectal excipulum, 50-500 µm in length, stiff, septate, brownish, acuminate above, unforked below; walls moder ately thick, 1.0-2.5 µm diam., pigmented. Asci operculate, non-amyloid, eight-spored, cylindrical, tapering to the base, thin-walled, not protruding at maturity. Ascospores ellipsoid, equilateral, hyaline, with two large internal guttules, walls sculptured, the sculpturing taking the form of ± intertwining crests forming a more or less regular reticulum staining in Cotton blue, spore sculpturing most prominent at the poles; outer sculptured wall partly loosening and floating in lactic acid. Paraphyses straight, septate, simple or branched in middle and upper part, at tips slightly enlarged, containing carotenoid pigment granules that turn green in Melzer’s reagent.

Type species: Sporocephalum peniophorae G. Arnaud 1952

Anamorphic genus.

Synonym of Oedocephalum

Type species: Genea bombycina Vittad. 1831

Type designated by Tulasne & Tulasne (1851)

Diagnosis: Integumentum tenue carnosum nec solubile, utriculis dense stipitatis conflatum et indumento gossypino undique vestitum. Moles interior exsucca, quasi gossypina, albida, e stratis pluribus natura, indole usuqye maxime diversis, varie intricatis, venasque Tuberum genuinorum quodammodo referentibus constants, aliis nempe udis obscuris, peridio consimilibus, ambitum fungi imprimis tenentibus, crassis et ramos subsimplices in penetralia agentibus, aliis contra griseis aut albidis, gossypinis, molem interiorem totam quasi formatibus, sporangia linearia foventibus, stratisque angustioribus intermixtis dissectis ; hisce albis immutabilibus aeriferis sterilibus et cavernulam excentricam seu fossulam basilarem pertingentibus. Sporangia cylindrica elongata 8-spora, paraphysesque lineares insimul haecce strata aerifera vertice spectant, inque stratis lateralibus nidulantur. Sporae sphaericae leves albidae (etiam maturae), nucleoque homogeneo nec partito fetae.
Fungis globosus fovea basilari aperta cavernulaque excentrica lata angustave plerumque donatus, maturus olidus et in pultem squalidam dilute coloratam subalbidam, peridio diminuto submenbranaceo effecto aliquandiu superstite, deliquescens.
Generi Stephensiae ostiolum et carnula interior, sporangiorumque forma cum Genea communia sunt, apertura vero minus illi essentialis interdum deficit et, quod magis notandum, basilaris est foveae Tuberum respondet ; quod ad structuram internam attinet potius forsan Tuberi, non obstante thecarum forma, quam Geneae Stephensia proxima videtur.

Synonym of Hydnocystis

Type species: Stereolachnea echinus Höhn. 1917

Type designated by Höhnel (1917)

Diagnosis: Wie Lachnea, aber Borsten nicht oberflächlich sitzend, sondern mit ihrem Basalteile die ganze Dicke des Excipulums durchsetzend, nicht bloß gegen den Rand, sondern auch an der Basis sitzend.

Synonym of Scutellinia

Type species: Terfezia longii Gilkey 1937

Type designated by Kovács & Trappe (2011)

Diagnosis: A Terfezia ac Mattirolomyes excipulo verrucoso, papillulis rotundatis in pagi sporarum inter parietes reticuli et ordinibus DNA differt.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1

Type species: Strobiloscypha keliae N.S. Weber & Denison 1995

Type designated by Weber & Denison (1995)

Diagnosis: Apothecia sessilia, juventute aliquantum turbinata, maturitate vade crateriformia vel plana, 1.5-5.0(-7.0) mm in diam, succulenta. Hymenium olivaceo-brunneolum vel olivaceo-cinereum. Pagina abhymenialis brunneola vel brunnea, glabra, margo minute pustullata. Sporae ellipsoideae, (18.7-)21-23.7 x (11.8-)12.5-13(-15.1) µm, hyalinae, maturitatae agullulatae, verruculosae, in ascis uniseriate. Asci J-, operculati, 8-sporae, 316-368 x 14.3-18.4 µm. Paraphyses rectae, anguste clavatae, septatae. Subhymenium e excipulum medullosum texturis intricatis, hyphae 5.3-10.5(-15.6) µm in diam. Excipulum ectale texturis globulosis/angularis. In strobilis Cupressacearum e Taxodiacearum.

Family: Strobiloscyphaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Strumella cucurbitacearum Fr. 1849

Type designated by ?

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Sporae minimae, simplices, atrae, in tuberculo indurato atro nidulantes. Hactenus in fructibus plantarum.

Synonym of Urnula

Type species: Barlaea macrospora Velen. 1934

Type designated by Kubička (1960)

Diagnosis: Genus Discomycetum homospermalium (Discomycetes operculati) ex affinitate generis Plicaria Fuck. emend. Boud. (non Rehm, nec Vel.) et Lamprospora de Not. emend. Boud., sed probabiliter potius ad genus Sphaerosoma Klotzsch spectans.
Apothecia minora, solitaria vel subfasciculata, semiglobosa, dein conspecte convexa, subglobosa, tuberiformia, subsessilia usque breviter crasseque basi attenuata, succoso-carnosa, extus glabra, nuda. thecio denique plus minusve gibboso usque cerebriformiter lacunoso. Asci gigantei, late cylindracei, octospori, vi iodi haud coerulescentes. Sporae globosae, primum laeves, maturae dense longeque aculeatae usque echinatae. Paraphyses ascos longe superantes, conspecte crasse cylindricae, copiosissimae, rectae, apice parum incrassatae, pigmento non carotineo impletae (fuscidulae vel violaceo-fuscidulae). Hypothecium e cellulis cylindraceis, excipulum e cellulis globosis, coloratis.
Hab. Ad terram nudam humidam praecipue arenosam. Aestate — autumno.

Synonym of Boudiera

Type species: Pseudombrophila guldeniae Svrček 1966

Type designated by Moravec (1976)

Diagnosis: Apothecia 2,5–20 mm diam., orbicularia, carnosa, breviter crasseque stipitata, concava, mox plana, denique usque pulvinato-pileata, castaneo-brunnea vel brunneo-violacea, margine anguste obscureque limbata, disco saepe ruguloso, strato externo excipuli stipitisque minute umbrino-tomentoso. Excipulum cellulis subglobosis, pallide brunneolis, strato externo hyphis cylindraceis, flexuosis, septatis, intricatis, hyalinis vel pallide brunneis, 2–5(–11) µm crassis instructum. Asci cylindracei, operculati, apice truncati, non amyloidei, sporis monostichis. Paraphyses filiformes, apice non dilatatae, rectae vel flexuosae, basi ramosae. Ascosporae ellipsoideae vel ellipsoideo-fusoideae, ornamento caloso-pectico cyanophilo ornatae, irregulariter costato-subreticulatae, apiculatae, hyaline.

Synonym of Pseudombrophila

Type species: Tuber album Sowerby 1801

Type designated by Gray (1821)

Diagnosis: Thallus globular, irregular, bark thick, cracked, inside veiny; sporidia nearly globular, pedicelled, affixed to the veins. — Subterraneous.
b. Root fibrous, grows near the surface. Tartufa.

Synonym of Choiromyces

Type species: Peziza tarzetta Cooke 1877 (= Peziza catinus Holmsk. 1799)

Type designated by Rogers et al. (1971)

Diagnosis: Cupula subintegra, nuda, stipitata; stipite tenui, vel abbreviato, erecto vel radicato.

Family: Tarzettaceae

Number of species: 9 fide DoF, currently 26 [22 integrated herein]

Type species: Mattirolomyces tiffanyae Healy 2003

Type designated by Kovács et al. (2011)

Diagnosis: Peridium constans ex textura intricata. Gleba a peridio non separabilis, solida, marsupiis fertilibus et venis in sicco cremicoloribus. Asci sporis 1–4, paraphyses carentes. Sporae hyalinae, uniguttulatae, globosae, e verrucato porcatae. A Hydnobolite ac Mattirolomycete ordinibus DNA differt.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascoma a stereothecium without a basal mycelial tuft, not changing color with handling or damage, darkening slightly to cream-colored when dry. Excipulum thin, of slightly inflated, interwoven hyphae similar to those of the sterile glebal veins. Gleba solid, lacking paraphyses or channels. Asci 1–4-spored, irregularly arranged in fertile pockets. Spores globose, with one guttule, hyaline and ornamented with blunt-tipped warts and irregularly thickened ridges (Fig. 3j).

Type species: Tuber arenarium Moris 1829

Type designated by Trappe (1971)

Diagnosis: Materie fertili in glebulas pulposas aggregata; sporangiis globosis ecaudatis in ipsa absque ordine nididantibus.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 12 fide DoF [16 integrated herein]

Type species: Terfeziopsis lignaria Harkn. 1899

Type designated by Harkness (1899)

Diagnosis: Ascomata smooth, globose or pyriform; gleba veinless, firm; asci globose or ellipsoidal, 2-4-spored; spores globose or ovoid, echinate; spines recurved or hooked.

Synonym of Tuber

Type species: Terracavicola echinospora A.C. Grupe, Kraisit., Guevara & M.E. Sm. 2019

Type designated by Grupe et al. (2019)

Diagnosis: A hypogeous, creamy-tan to light brown truffle-like ascoma with a roughened peridium that is covered with copious brown hairs (setae), the presence of a weak epithecium which covers the hymenium and prevents active discharge of the ascospores, and unique ITS and 28S DNA sequences.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Ascobolus pelletieri P. Crouan & H. Crouan 1857

Type designated by Boudier (1869)

Diagnosis: Receptaculum ceraceum, sessile. Hymenium erumpens, immarginatum, opacum, subpruinosum, primo planum dein convexum, thecis longe exsertis crystallino-asperum. Paraphyses longiores, gracillimae, numerosae, gelatina immersae. Thecae maximae, elongatae sed amplae, in specie nota polysporae, ad apicem subumbonatae, maturae dimidia parte circiter exsertae. Sporae hyalinae, nucleo medio conspicuo, liberae, majores, episporio leve, in junioribus aliquoties mucilagine singulatim circumdatae.
Species unica nota pro sectione major, stercoricola.

Family: Ascobolaceae

Number of species: 17 fide DoF [13 integrated herein]

Type species: Thindia cupressi Korf & Waraitch 1971

Type designated by Korf & Waraitch (1971)

Diagnosis: Apothecia minuta, haud excedentia 1.5 mm diam., luteole vel pallide aurantiaca, substipitata, in juventate subglobosa, ad maturitatem scutella, extus circumdata pilis brunneis, setosis, parietatibus crassis. Asci cylindraceo-calvati, in apothecio deinceps maturescentes, operculo apicali, non amyloideo. Ascosporae subhyalinae vel pallide luteae, late ellipsoideae, laeves, multinucleatae, globulos olei binos vel plures continentes. Paraphyses graciles, ad apicem ampliatae, rectae, pallide aurantiacae ob pigmenta carotenoidea, anastomosantes. Excipuli externi textura angularis; medullaris vero excipuli textura intricata, gelatinosa. In ramulis emortuis Cupressi.

Family: Sarcoscyphaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Tirmania africana Chatin (= Tirmania nivea (Desf.) Trappe 1971)

Type designated by Chatin (1891)

Diagnosis: Ce Terfàs, qui m''a été envoyé à l''état sec et divisé en morceaux formant l’un des deux lots de M. Bou-Median-Ben-Hafz, présentait les caractères ci-après. Les tubercules, coupés en plusieurs fragments (quatre à huit ordinairement), ont pu atteindre, quelques-uns du moins, au volume d’une grosse orange. La forme a dû en être arrondie ou ovoïde, avec quelques bosselures et sinus. Le péridium, non relevé en verrues, est lisse et à peine teinté de jaune (bien différent en cela des petits Terfàs qui brunissent par la dessiccation). La chair, comme le péridium auquel elle fait suite, est presque incolore. Les sporanges, moins arrondies généralement que celles des Terfezia et du Tuber, affectent plutôt la forme des poires, avec un fort appendice caudal qui rappelle celui des Balsamia et Pachyphloeus. Les spores, au nombre de huit dans les sporanges comme cela a lieu pour le Terfezia, se différencient par ces deux caractères de grande valeur : elles sont oblongues et non rondes comme dans tous les Terfezia ; — elles ont leur surface unie et lisse, nullement réticulée ni tuberculeuse comme chez ceux-ci.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Spragueola mucida Rodway 1919

Type designated by Lloyd (1925)

Diagnosis: (Fig. 3260) […] Ascophore sessile, subglobose, vaguely nodulose, about 5 mm. in diameter, subterranean, growing on buried wood. Hymenium covering the entire surface. Asci cylindrical. Spores globose, 18 mic, 8 in the ascus, coarsely echinulate. Paraphyses greatly exceeding the asci, filiform, attenuate at the apex, immersed in dense jelly. At maturity the jelly increases to 1-2 cm., carrying the paraphyses and asci with it. Underground.

Synonym of Ruhlandiella

Type species: Trichaleurina polytricha Rehm 1914

Diagnosis: Aleurina gehört somit nach ihrem parenchymatisch grosszellingen, dicken, fleischig gelatinösen Gehäusse zu den echten, unbehaarten Pezizen, Trichaleurina zu den behaarten; allein es wird noch festzustellen sein, ob nicht eine Trennung von Aleurina, ähnlich wie Humaria un Plicaria, je nach der Jod-Reaktion am Schlauch-Porus, in zwei Gattungen zu erfolgen hat (z. B. A. marchica J–, vinaceae J+). Undenkbar ist es auch nicht, dass die Arten mit Bulgariaceen-Habitus abgetrennet werdn müssen, wobei A. elastica, reperta und besonders A. Puiggarii mit ihrem Paraphysen-Mangel in Betracht kämen.

Family: Chorioactidaceae

Number of species: 4 [2 integrated herein]

Asexual morph of Kumanasamuha type.

Type species: Peziza crinita Bull. 1789

Type designated by Clements (1909)

Diagnosis: Spores hyaline, 1-celled, globose to fusoid. Apothecia sessile.

Synonym of Scutellinia

Type species: Peziza gilva Cooke 1879

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Poils bruns, rigides, atténués en pointe au sommet, courts, plus longs vers la marge. Spores lisses, sans sporidioles.

Synonym of Tricharina

Type species: Peziza gilva Cooke 1879

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: nomen novum, = Tricharia Boud., illeg.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 13 fide DoF [8 integrated herein]

Asexual morph of Ascorhizoctonia type.

Type species: Sepultaria herinkii Svrček 1949

Type designated by Lindemann et al. (2019)

Diagnosis: Differs from Tricharina Eckblad by the absence of clustered hairs at the margin and by an outer surface densely covered with long hyaline to brown flexuous hairs (reminiscent of a Geopora species).

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Type species: Thelebolus zukalii Heimerl 1889

Type designated by Saccardo (1892)

Diagnosis: Thelebolus 2. Trichobolus. Ascomata setigera.

Family: Ascodesmidaceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia setose, solitary to gregarious, 250-450 × 300-540 µ in diam, closed throughout development, rupturing apically at spore liberation; ectal excipulum of 3-5 layers, outer layers pallid to brownish, of textura angularis, inner layers of textura prismatica, becoming thin apically by growth and protrusion of the ascus or asci, leaving only the inner layers to surround the ascus; setae stiff, pointed, 90-600 µ long, 7.0-16.5 µ broad at the base, with 1-10 or more septa, walls 1.5-4.5 µ thick; asci 1-3 in number, ovoid, 125-475 × 150-525 µ, not blued in iodine but staining uniformly in congo red, walls 3.5-5.5 µ thick around the base but only 2.0-3.5 µ thick at the apex, rupturing irregularly at spore liberation; ascospores sub-spherical to sub-ellipticaI (7.0-9 × 9.0-12 µ), slightly thick-walled in youth but becoming thin-walled and smooth at maturity, deBary bubbles present in all but one species, 1500-7000 or more per ascus; paraphyses abundant in youth, surrounding the ascus within a mucilaginous matrix, long filamentous, 2.0-2.5 µ in diam, frequently branched, difficult to find at maturity.

Type species: Peziza woolhopeia Cooke & W. Phillips 1877

Type designated by Boudier (1885)

Diagnosis: Poils du réceptacle longs et aigus ; spores le plus souvent garnies de gouttelettes intérieures. Hyménium blanchâtre ou glauque.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 25 fide DoF [11 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, apothecial, sessile, subglobose, discoid or cupuliform, hymenium whitish, pale grey to grey-brown, brown or blackish, with an external surface covered by superficial brown hairs. Margin hairy. Excipulum two-layered: medullary layer thick, of textura intricata and ectal layer of textura subglobulosa/angularis. Hairs superficial, septate, with a simple base. Asci operculate, arising from croziers, inamyloid, 8-spored. Paraphyses slender, equal to enlarged (sometimes capitate) at the top, hyaline. Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid or spherical, hyaline, uniguttulate, more rarely biguttulate, thick-walled, smooth. Species forming ectomycorrhizae.

Asexual morph of Dichobotrys type.

Type species: Ciliaria bicuspis Boud. 1896

Type designated by Korf & Erc (1972)

Diagnosis: Receptaculum setis crassitunicatis, fuscis, bicuspidatis et pilis tenuitunicatis, flexuosis, hyalinis vel fuscis indutum. Excipulum ectale cellulam unam crassitudine aequans, ex textura prismatica formatum. Asci ad apicem operculati, ad basin in crocam angustati. Ascosporae hyalinae, laeves, juventute materiam granulosam vel amorphosam, maturitate materiam resinaceam luteolam et 2 vel 4 guttulas non oleosas continentes.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF, currently 4 [4 integrated herein]

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, apothecial, sessile, pale greyish, with an external surface and margin covered by upward-pointing brown hairs. Excipulum three-layered: medullary layer of textura intricata, ectal layer of textura globulosa/angularis and the outermost part of ectal excipulum of textura prismatica. Hairs simple or bifurcate, deeply inserted in the excipulum, septate, mainly with a simple base. Asci operculate, narrowing toward base, arising from croziers, inamyloid, 8-spored, more rarely 4-spored. Paraphyses slender, not enlarged at the top. Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid, hyaline, eguttulate, but sometimes containing small granules that can merge into two oil drops in overmature or dead ascospores, smooth or verrucose. Species saprobic, on soil, woody debris or organic matter. Asexual morph unknown.

Type species: Peziza tricholoma Mont.

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Cooke Myc. p. 252, (1879) nec Wallr., nec Phill. (Etym. thrix trichos pilus et scyphos poculum). — Ascoma subcarnosum cupulatum, stipitatum, extus et imprimis margine pilis in flocculos longos rigidulos conglutinatis conspersum. Asci cylindracei, paraphysati, octospori. Sporidia oblonga v. ellipsoidea, hyalina.

Synonym of Cookeina

Type species: Tuber gulosorum F.H. Wigg. 1780 (= T. aestivum Vittad. 1831, nom. cons.)

Type designated by Wiggers (1780)

Diagnosis: Fungus subglobosus succo pulposo replerus.

Family: Tuberaceae

Number of species: 86 fide DoF [51 integrated herein]

Type species: ?

Diagnosis: Nom. nov., = Tuber L.

Synonym of Tuber

Type species: Helvella elastica Bull. 1785

Type designated by Falck (1923)

Diagnosis: nomen nudum

Synonym of Helvella

Type species: Choiromyces leonis Tul. & C. Tul. 1845

Type designated by Zobel (1854)

Diagnosis: Terfeziae ‭(Choiromycis subgeneris) species L–R et Ch. Tulasne […] Fungi subglobosi aut tuberiformes, basi in appendiculam plus minusve elongatam producti, hypogaei aut hemi-hypogaei. Peridium clausum, laeve ‭(i. e. non verruciferum). Substantia fungi carnosa, solida ‭(i. e. non lacunosa), transverse secta, irregulariter reticulata adparet, maculis ‭(ascophoris) saturatius coloratis pulposis, ‭(rotundatis, i. e. non polygonalibus). Hymenium ascophorum e cellulis oblongis, polyedricis, subregularibus componitur; stratui celluloso laxiori, ex quo parenchyma fungi sensu strictiori ‭(reticulum pallidioris coloris) conflatur, non multum dissimile. Asci ooidei heterotropi, i. e. in maculis fere inordinati nidulantes, sex–octospori, basi non attenuati. Sporae globosae, coloratae, in ascis inordinate aggregati. Episporium verrucosum aut echinatum. Nucleus oleosus.

Synonym of Terfezia

Type species: Ulurua nonparaphysata Trappe & Claridge 2010

Type designated by Trappe et al. (2010)

Diagnosis: Ascomata usque ad 4 cm lata, sulcata, globosa vel turbinata, tomentosa, brunnea. Gleba venis labyrinthinis, vacuis vel hymeniis opponentibus repletis. Sporae hyalinae, late ellipsoideae vel subglobosae, 12–15 x 10–12 μm, verrucis minutis ornatae. Asci in hymenio innati, amyloidei, sporis octo. Paraphyses destitutae. Peridium glebaque cellulis multo inflatis.

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1

Type species: Underwoodia columnaris Peck 1890

Type designated by Peck (1890)

Diagnosis: Receptacle fleshy, more or less elongated, columnar or stem-like, externally uneven sulcate-costate or lacunose, everywhere ascigerous, internally excavated, lacunosely fistulose or containing several longitudinal cavities; asci eight-spored, paraphysate.
A genus of Helvellaceae, allied to Helvella. It is as if the stem of Helvella crispa should be deprived of its pileus and entirely covered with an adnate hymenium, thus becoming a stemless receptacle; or as if the receptacle of a Morchella were greatly elongated and stemless.

Family: Helvellaceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF [1 integrated herein]

Type species: ?

Diagnosis: Die Cupula ist becher- oder kessel-, schüsselförmig, immer concav, sitzend, unten flach oder nur leicht zugespitzt und durch ein tomentöses Mycelium am Boden befestigt. Sporen rund oder oval gross, zuweilen mit Kernen.

Synonym of ?

Type species: Peziza tarembergensis Moyne, Stöckli, C. Page & Van Vooren 2017

Type designated by Van Vooren (2023)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1

Current definition: Ascomata epigeous, cupulate. Flesh without latex. Asci operculate, 8-spored, with croziers, wall diffusely bluing in an iodine solution, more intensely at the top (WT type after the typology proposed by Van Vooren, 2020). Paraphyses containing small refractive vacuoles. Medullary excipulum of textura globulosa with large-sized cells, ectal excipulum of textura globulosa with smaller cells. Ascospores guttulate, smooth. Asexual morph unknown. Species saprobic on substrates enriched by urine.

Type species: Peziza craterium Schwein. 1822

Type designated by Fries (1849)

Diagnosis: Excipulum coriaceum, inflatum, inane, clausam, dein ore rotundo rimose dehiscens. Discus latera interiora vestiens sporis moniliformi-seriatis intermixtis paraphysibus. Superficiales, byssisedae.

Family: Sarcosomataceae

Number of species: 6 fide DoF [8 integrated herein]

Asexual morph of Strumella type.

Type species: Peziza anthracina Cooke 1879

Type designated by Velenovský (1940)

Diagnosis: Peziza in genere Barlaea aliana et revera genus proprium repraesentans (Vacinia m.) notis hisce notabilis: ap. majuscula, crasse carnosa, atrofusca, sp. globosae, reticulato-granulosae, fuscae, par. fuscae, cohaerentes, asci jodo lutei.

Synonym of Plicaria

Type species: Plicariella vacini Velen. 1939

Type designated by Albanese et al. (2022)

Family: Pezizaceae

Number of species: 1 [1 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia discoid or irregular in outline, flattened to more or less convex, smooth to cerebriform; ascospores initially hyaline then yellow-brownish at maturity, ornamented; asci operculate, lightly amyloid in almost their entire length, much deeper at the top, 8-spored, with croziers; paraphyses cylindrical, septate, bifurcated, rarely trifurcated, with apex of various shape immersed in a light-brownish gelatinous content; subhymenium thin, of a dense textura intricata; medullary excipulum of textura intricata of cylindrical, subhyaline hyphae mixed with pyriform to rounded cells in the outer part; ectal excipulum of textura angularis. Besides its unique genetic profile, it differs from Plicariella in having ellipsoid ascospores, and from Peziza s.str. in having heavily ornamented light-brownish ascospores at maturity.

Type species: Phallus conicus O.F. Müll. 1775

Type designated by Clements & Shear (1931)

Diagnosis: Pileus campanulatus, laevis, margine demum revoluto, sporifero.

Family: Morchellaceae

Number of species: 5 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Verticicladium trifidum Preuss 1851

Type designated by Preuss (1851)

Anamorphic genus.

Diagnosis: Stipes erectus septatus, supra verticillate-ramosus; ramis subternato-decompositis; ramulis ultimis subulatis; sporae simplices in apicibus ramulorum singulatim innatae, dein deciduae.

Family: Incertae sedis

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Vittadinion montagnei Zobel 1854 (= Tuber excavatum Vittad. 1831)

Type designated by Zobel (1854)

Diagnosis: Peridium externum internumque manifestum, (fusco- et luteo-) verruculosum. Fungi in basi aperti. Asci oviformes, 2–4spori. Episporium faveolato-plicatum.

Synonym of Tuber

Type species: Warcupia terrestris Paden & J.V. Cameron 1972

Type designated by Paden & Cameron (1972)

Diagnosis: Cleistothecia globosa, brunnea, superficialia, dispersa, 230-300 µ in diametro, glabra, peridio e cellulis polygonicis composito, sine ostiolo, sed matura in parte superiore dehiscentia. Asci octospori, unitunicati, cylindracei vel late clavati, 45-75 × 14-22 µ, e toto circuito interno exorientes, lente deliquescentes. Ascosporae continuae, hyalineae, ellipsoideae, laeves, 2-guttulatae, 12.5-15.5 × 6-7 µ, sine poro. Paraphyses cylindraceae, hyalinae, ramosae, 2 µ in diametro.

Family: Otideaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF, currently 2 [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Wenyingia sichuanensis Zheng Wang & Pfister 2001

Type designated by Wang & Pfister (2001)

Diagnosis: Apothecia cupulata, stipitata, brunneola, usque 10 mm diam, 22 mm altitudo. Excipulum ectal e cellulis brunneola, angularibus 5-20 µm diam (textura angulari), excipulum medullare ex hyphis brunneae compositum. Asci octospori, crasse tunicati, cylindracei, 270-295 × 13.5-16 µm. Ascospori ellipsoidei, biguttulati, 19-21.5 × 11-12 µm.

Family: Tarzettaceae

Number of species: 1 fide DoF

Type species: Tricharina mikolae Chin S. Yang & H.E. Wilcox 1984

Type designated by Yang & Korf (1985)

Diagnosis: Ab Tricharina excipulo ectali non distincte bistrato, ascosporis dimidium superius asci maturi tantum occupantibus, et procreatione anamorphosis lente crescentis generis Complexipedis et non celeriter crescentis generis Ascorhizoctoniae distinguenda.

Family: Pyronemataceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF [4 integrated herein]

Current definition: Apothecia small, cupulate, expanding to discoid, sessile, attached only at the center, scattered or gregarious; hymenium whitish to yellowish orange, senescing to brownish gray; hairs both marginal and running down the flanks, fasciculate, with large clusters near margin and clusters gradually becoming smaller towards the base of the apothecium, pale brown to brown, with narrow bases arising from a chain of thick-walled excipular cells, the broadest part of the hair well above the point of origin of the hair, containing brownish, globose inclusions often appearing attached to the walls, walls 2.0-4.0 µm thick, with thin or thick septa; excipulum clearly two-layered near the margin, ental layer becoming broader toward the apothecial base, of textura intricata, in some taxa having refractive, thick-walled hyphae threading horizontally through the layer, ectal layer of textura globulosa to textura angularis, composed of some almost globose to radially elongated cells with pale brown to brown, thick walls becoming mixed near the apothecial base with some small-diameter hyphae from the ental layer; asci cylindrical, narrowing toward base, apically operculate, 8-spored or rarely (2-) 4 (-6)-spored, J-; ascospores ellipsoid, uniseriate, lining up in the upper half of the ascus, smooth, hyaline or refractive-yellow when mature and mounted in media containing lactic acid, eguttulate, but often with a few small granules or with small, polar clusters of fine granules; paraphyses slender, septate, branched near base, with or without carotenoid particles, slightly enlarged toward apex.

Asexual morph of Complexipes type.

Type species: Peziza aurantiopsis Ellis 1882

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Apothecia juvenilia cIausa, matura dehiscentia, cupulata, excipulo toto textura intricata constructo, extus tomentosa, tomento e stratis cellularibus externis formato; pill tomenti simplices, septati, recti vel undulati, pariete fusco, crasso instructi, laeve vel basin versus exasperati. Asci cylindrici, non amyloidei, octospori, pariete crasso instructi. Sporae ellipsoideae, hyalinae, non guttulatae, laeves vel longitudinaliter leviter striatae. Paraphyses filiformes, rectae, septatae.

Family: Chorioactidaceae

Number of species: 3 fide DoF [2 integrated herein]

Type species: Wynnea gigantea Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1867

Type designated by Berkeley (1867)

Diagnosis: Cupulis elongatis auriformibus coriaceis, sursum divisis, basi in stipitem plus minus distinctum connatis.

Family: Wynneaceae

Number of species: 4 fide DoF [3 integrated herein]

Type species: Helvella auricula Schaeff. 1774

Type designated by Eckblad (1968)

Diagnosis: Réceptacles en oreille, coriaces ; paraphyses droites non courbées en crosse à l''extrémité ; spores à sporidiole médiale accompagnée de granules.

Synonym of Midotis

Type species: Zobelia krombholzii Opiz 1855 (= Tuber niveum Desf. 1799)

Type designated by Opiz (1855)

Diagnosis: (Neues Pilzgenus Zobel-Tuber niveum Kromb.) Im Sandboden in lichten Wäldern und freien Hutweiden, stets auf einer Fichten- oder anderen Wurzel aufsitzend (Krombholz).

Synonym of Tirmania